Important Phrases for English Phone Conversations

Significant Phrases for English Phone Conversations Calling in English incorporates learning various exceptional expressions, just as concentrating on listening aptitudes. Probably the most significant expressions incorporate how to pick up the telephone, how to request others, how to interface, and how to take messages.â Presenting Yourself Here are a couple of approaches to casually present yourself on the phone: This is Ken.Hello, Ken talking On the off chance that youd like to answer all the more officially, utilize your complete name. This is Jennifer Smith speaking.Hello, Jennifer Smith talking. In the event that you are responding in due order regarding a business, simply express the business name. For this situation, its regular to ask how you can help: Hello, Thomson Company. How may I help you?Plumbers Insurance. How might I be of administration today? English/American Difference Hi, this is KenBrighton 0987654 The primary model reaction is in American English and the second is in British English. As should be obvious there are contrasts in the two structures. The phone articles incorporate both British and American English, just as expressions that are regular to the two structures. In American English, we pick up the telephone expressing This is ... In British English, its basic to pick up the telephone by expressing the phone number. The expression This is ... is utilized distinctly on the phone to substitute the expression My name is ... which isn't utilized to pick up the phone. Asking Who Is on the Telephone Some of the time, youll need to discover who is calling. Approach them cordially for this data: Reason me, who is this?May (Can) I ask who is calling, if it's not too much trouble Requesting Someone At different occasions, youll need to address another person. This is particularly obvious when you phone a business. Here are a few models: Would i be able to have expansion 321? (expansions are inward numbers at a company)Could I talk to...? (Can I - increasingly casual/May I - more formal)Is Jack in? (casual figure of speech importance: Is Jack in the workplace? Interfacing Someone On the off chance that you pick up the telephone, you may need to interface the guest to somebody at your business. Here are some helpful expressions: Badly put you through (put through - phrasal action word meaning connect)Can you hold the line? Would you be able to hang on a second? At the point when Someone Is Not Available These expressions can be utilized to communicate that somebody isn't availableâ to talk on the phone. Im apprehensive ... isn't accessible at the momentThe line is occupied... (at the point when the expansion mentioned is being used)Mr. Jackson isnt in... Mr. Jackson is out right now... Taking a Message On the off chance that somebody isnt accessible, you should take a message to help the caller.â Could (Can, May) I take a message?Could (Can, May) I disclose to him who is calling?Would you like to leave a message? Keep rehearsing your aptitudes by utilizing theâ practical exercisesâ below which remember data for leaving messages on the phone, how to askâ native speakersâ to delayed down, pretends on the phone and that's only the tip of the iceberg. Practice With a Role Play Start by learning significant phone English with the exchange beneath. Here is a short phone discussion with a portion of the key expressions: Administrator: Hello, Frank and Brothers, How would i be able to help you?Peter: This is Peter Jackson. Would i be able to have expansion 3421?Operator: Certainly, hang on a moment, Ill put you through... Straight to the point: Bob Petersons office, Frank speaking.Peter: This is Peter Jackson calling, is Bob in? Straight to the point: Im apprehensive hes out right now. Would i be able to take a message?Peter: Yes, Could you request that he call me at ... I have to converse with him about the Nuovo line, its pressing. Straightforward: Could you rehash the number please?Peter: Yes, that is ..., and this is Peter Jackson. Forthcoming: Thank you Mr. Jackson, Ill ensure Bob gets this asap.Peter: Thanks, bye. Forthcoming: Bye. As should be obvious, the language is fairly casual and there are some significant contrasts from up close and personal conversational English.

Childhood sexual abuse and effects on marital functioning

Youth sexual maltreatment and impacts on conjugal working Youth sexual maltreatment exploitation effectsly affects a womans close connections. Grown-up overcomers of youngster sexual maltreatment may show challenges in relational connections, including shirking or dread of closeness, indicating low passionate commitment with accomplices and an example of pulling back from couple association during times of high feeling. Grown-up survivors likewise may experience difficulty with trust and may have a poor feeling of limits and have a feeling of frailty. Overcomers of this injury regularly experience issues setting up and keeping up close connections and experience a high pace of sexual brokenness. Additionally, ladies with youngster sexual maltreatment encounters are twice as prone to encounter assault as grown-ups and to report having been genuinely mishandled by their accomplices. Therefore, this paper will manage me to this paper will channel me to adjust and depict validation to my case that youth sexual maltreatment works as a forerunner to conjugal cacophony and conjugal disappointment. It might be out of line, yet what occurs in a couple of days, once in a while even a solitary day, can change the course of an entire lifetime. The Kite Runner Khaled Hosseini Youth sexual maltreatment: The subject of youngster sexual maltreatment is as yet a no-no in India. An intrigue of quietness exists around the subject of misuse and a huge level of individuals feel this is a generally western issue and accordingly misuse, particularly youngster sexual maltreatment doesn't happen in our nation. Some portion of the explanation obviously lies in a conventional traditionalist family and network structure that doesn't discuss sex and sexuality by any means (Study on Child Abuse: India 2007). More often than not, guardians don't converse with their kids about sexuality and during pubescence young ladies are not told about the physical and enthusiastic changes that happen. What at that point happens is that all types of sexual maltreatment that a kid faces don't get detailed even to close people. Youngsters don't understand that they are being mishandled more often than not. Most casualties report having covered the occurrence as an agonizing and disgraceful one not to be ever advise d to anybody (RAHI, 1998). As characterized by the World Health Organization (1999), CHILD SEXUAL ABUSE is the association of a kid in sexual action that the individual in question doesn't completely understand; can't give educated agree to, or that disregards the laws or social restrictions of society. The action between a youngster and a grown-up or another kid who by improvement or age is seeing someone trust, force or duty with the movement being planned to delight or fulfill the need of the other individual is the thing that kid sexual maltreatment is clear by (W.H.O., 1999). This may incorporate however not restricted to: The incitement or intimidation of a kid to participate in any unlawful action The exploitative utilization of a youngster in prostitution or other unlawful sexual practices The exploitative utilization of youngsters in explicit exhibitions and materials. Sexual savagery is any demonstration which might be verbal as well as physical which takes steps to break a people trust or potentially security. It incorporates assault, interbreeding, youngster rape, conjugal assault, inappropriate behavior, presentation and voyeurism. However, sexual maltreatment can be characterized as extreme types of sexual maltreatment and different types of sexual maltreatment. Extreme types of sexual maltreatment include: attack, including assault and homosexuality; contacting or caressing the kid; exhibitionism compelling a kid to display his/her private body parts and shooting a kid in naked. Different types of sexual maltreatment include: persuasive kissing; lewd gestures towards a kid during movement; lewd gestures towards a kid during marriage circumstances or other social events; exhibitionism showing before a kid and presenting a kid to explicit materials. The World Health Organization (1999) gauges that 150 million young ladies and 73 million young men younger than 18 have encountered constrained sex or different types of sexual viciousness including physical contact. An audit of epidemiological studies from 21 nations, fundamentally high-and center pay nations, found that in any event 7% of females (running up to 36%) and 3% of guys (extending up to 29%) detailed sexual exploitation during their youth. As indicated by these investigations, somewhere in the range of 14% and 56% of the sexual maltreatment of young ladies, and up to 25% of the sexual maltreatment of young men, was executed by family members or step guardians. In this way, it is critical to comprehend the ramifications of such horrible encounters and the impacts it has on a people last life. Youngster sexual maltreatment and its seriousness, beginning and span of misuse cripplingly affect the casualties life. There are various potential pathways by which youth injuries could affect grown-up relationship results, including conjugal fulfillment and interruption. Youth injuries can bring about closeness unsettling influence (for example dreading, doubting, and encountering inner conflict about relational closeness; impeded capacity to trust), troubles with sexual relating, expanded likelihood of physical savagery and revictimization, issues with passionate expressiveness and closeness, and enthusiastic evasion, which may thusly meddle with powerful relationship working (Briere,1992; Compton Follette,1998). Audit of Literature: Clinicians have since quite a while ago worked under the supposition that early maltreatment speaks to an awful relational involvement in the possibility to bring about long haul challenges with private accomplice relations. Various hypothetical models likewise point to imply accomplice relations as a zone of trouble for grown-up survivors (for example Alexander, 2003; Finkelhor Browne, 1985; Polusny Follette, 1995). Among these speculations, Finkelhor and Brownes (1985) traumagenic elements model has gotten a lot of consideration due to its utility for explaining the procedures by which early sexual maltreatment may influence an assortment of long haul results (for example Coffey, Henning, Turner, Leitenberg Bennett, 1996). Albeit created in light of sexual maltreatment, the proposed traumagenic elements are probably going to be normal across different sorts of youngster misuse. Quickly, this model holds that the effect of youth injury can be represented by the elements of selling out, awful sexualization, slander, and feebleness, which are said to change childrens subjective and enthusiastic direction to the world, and make injury by contorting childrens self-idea, world view, and emotional limits (Finkelhor Browne, 1985). Finkelhor and Brownes (1985) elements are helpful for conceptualizing how different conjugal results might be influenced by early abuse. For instance, the dynamic of selling out may become possibly the most important factor in the repercussions of misuse when casualties come to understand that a grown-up (regularly a relative) has damaged the inferred however basic trust that ordinarily exists among youngsters and grown-ups. Disregard speaks to a break of trust whereby grown-ups, who are relied upon to give care and security, deny offspring of fundamental needs, for example, food, cover, clinical consideration, and management. Horrendous sexualization, which alludes to formatively improper and broken sexual conduct originating from sexual maltreatment, may show in an assortment of enduring challenges, including expanded weakness to rape, over-sexualization of grown-up connections, or repugnance for sexual relations (Finkelhor Browne, 1985). A third procedure, slander alludes to disgu ised sentiments of disgrace, blame, and self-accuse that emerges from encountering abuse. On account of mental maltreatment, for instance, disparagement may advance from direct censuring by the culprit. For different types of abuse, derision may create in light of the mystery that frequently encompasses misuse, responses from family and the more extensive network upon the disclosure of misuse, and from casualties themselves. Conveyed into adulthood, disparagement may add to absence of receptiveness, sentiments of separation, and general disappointment in private relations. At long last, the dynamic of weakness alludes to an absence of self-viability that is said to advance from the wild and rehashed limit infringement that go with abuse. Feebleness caused by early sexual and physical maltreatment may sabotage survivors feeling of control seeing someone, rendering them less compelling in affirming their necessities during struggle and dynamic connections with accomplices. In the outrageous, such an awkwardness of intensity or control may turn into a hazard factor for extra exploitations inside the marriage. On the other hand, a distraction with issues of intensity may likewise show in compensatory endeavoring with respect to casualties to keep up or apply individual control seeing someone. The outrageous type of this inclination may again be connected to hostility, maybe started by casualties against their accomplices. A rising experimental writing has started to test clinical and hypothetical suspicions connecting abuse to long haul shortages in couple working. A large portion of these examinations have been directed with ladies engaged with dating connections. For instance, contrasted with non-manhandled ladies, unmarried ladies enlisted from school and network settings who were presented to kid sexual maltreatment report having less enthusiastic trust in their accomplices and view their accomplices as less dependable in finishing significant parts of the relationship (DiLillo Long, 1999; Mullen, Martin, Anderson, Romans, Herbison, 1994). In spite of the fact that investigations of sexual working normally have concentrated on female survivors sexual hazard taking that happens outside the setting of serious relationships (for example Orcutt, Cooper, Garcia, 2005), abuse has additionally been connected to sexual troubles with close accomplices (Leonard Follette, 2002). In an examination, ladies with a background marked by youth sexual or physical maltreatment report participating in less regular sexual movement (Dinnerstein, Guthrie, Alford, 2004), while both wom

Nazi police unit

In Ordinary Men, Christopher Browning utilizes the case of one especially merciless Nazi police unit in involved Poland to clarify how a gathering of apparently typical people could take an interest in some of World War II’s most noticeably terrible outrages. By looking at the blended responses they appeared as they completed their requests, Browning rejects the most widely recognized contentions concerning why they agreed to the Final Solution and attests that a mix of components persuaded normal men to become mass murderers.Reserve Police Battalion 101, a unit of the German Order Police (or â€Å"Orpo†), assumed a critical job in the Final Solution by filling in as an occupation power in eastern Europe, gathering together Jews and political adversaries of the Nazis, extraditing them to work and concentration camps, and executing more than 38,000 Jews between mid 1942 and the finish of 1943 (191). Its positions developed from 56,000 of every 1933, when the Nazis expect ed control and made an additional level of interior security, to more than 300,000 by 1942, when the Final Solution was executed (4-7).Browning clarifies that the unit, which shaped in Hamburg in mid 1942, was not involved over the top Nazis, raging enemies of Semites, or peripheral citizenry. The officials were chiefly working class vendors and experts (with some gathering individuals and just two individuals from the SS among them), while the positions included manual men who were not ardent Nazis. Plainly, the men who carried out mass homicide were not peripheral, brutal crooks yet strong residents who were some way or another changed. The â€Å"Community† (Battalion 101)The battalion’s early tasks uncover its inner conflict about its crucial Poland. The unit’s authority, Major Wilhelm Trapp, at first anguished over the requests to execute as opposed to just extradite Polish Jews, and its first significant barbarity, the Jozefow Massacre of 13 July 1942, was not really a briskly effective activity by steely-nerved Nazis. The occasion, wherein a Polish village’s 300 capable Jewish men were expelled to a work camp while its 1,500 Jewish ladies, kids, and older were gunned down, dealt with it wastefully and with critical enthusiastic division.Beset by drinking and messy techniques, the unit took a great part of the day to complete their requests and was at first irresolute about the whole reason of their central goal. Trapp even gave his soldiers the decision to abstain from the slaughtering, which twelve did; throughout the following year, around 20% of the unit either never murdered Jews or at first did yet halted. Sautéing comments that the rare sorts of people who bowed out did as such for an assortment of reasons.They were so caught off guard for the crucial they thought that it was simpler to follow orders than to consider their activities; many dreaded being marked as â€Å"cowards† or â€Å"weak† by declining to execute the unarmed; and, however few professed to be affirmed enemies of Semites, â€Å"they had in any event acknowledged the osmosis of the Jews into the picture of the adversary . . . [that] was eliminating German ladies and youngsters by shelling Germany† (73).Trapp adjusted to his men’s passionate mayhem by sending a lot littler gatherings to slaughter, maintaining a strategic distance from the division and dissension and in this manner making Battalion 101 an increasingly proficient murdering activity. Another of its activities, a slaughter at Lomazy on 17 August 1942, demonstrated Trapp’s intelligence; the unit’s Second Company, with assistance from â€Å"Hiwis† (Slavic partners with the Nazis), butchered 1700 Jews in significantly less time than the Jozefow killings took.Browning remarks, â€Å"Like much else, killing was something one could get utilized to† (85). Progressively, huge numbers of Battalion 101’s individuals became desensitized and a few, as fierce, substantial drinking Lieutenant Hartwig Gnade, really came to make the most of their job as killers. Indeed, even the most noticeably terrible were not solid Nazi psychos; they were still basically ordinary men who battled with their souls at the end of the day decided to become monsters.Still, regardless of the unit’s enormous number of murders and expanding ability at killing, it was never completely joined together and a few individuals, similar to Lieutenant â€Å"Heinz Buchmann† (a pen name, Browning utilizes for a significant number of the chief figures), made no mystery of their restriction to their activities, however Trapp never taught him, in any event, giving Buchmann an exchange and a good proposal later in the war. Additionally, a portion of the enrolled men wouldn't take an interest, confronting some circuitous disciplines like insulting and upsetting obligations, however none confronted genuine disciplinary activ ity for their dissent.Browning composes, â€Å"As long as there was no lack of men ready to do the dangerous current task, it was a lot simpler to suit Buchmann and the men who imitated him than to raise hell over them† (103). In his last parts, Browning clarifies that the battalion’s individuals didn't consider their activities tremendous; they basically thought of it as a matter of following requests, and a couple even idea that the Jews welcomed their destiny on themselves by tolerating it so passively.Others accepted that killing clueless casualties was sympathetic, in light of the fact that â€Å"a speedy demise without the desolation of expectation was viewed for instance of human compassion† (155). When attempting to discover explanations behind why such apparently normal men without savage chronicles had gotten such homicidal, merciless executioners, the creator gauges the most widely recognized of historians’ claims (bigotry, inordinate acquiesce nce, the job of publicity, war’s brutalization, and the bureaucratic division of work) and contends that none was distant from everyone else adequate to cause the unit’s transformation.Instead, he infers that those factors’ blend, alongside what creator Primo Levi regarded a â€Å"gray zone† of â€Å"ambiguity which transmits out from systems dependent on fear and obsequiousness† (187), permitted in any case typical people to be changed into killers †and it might happen again to another gathering of similarly â€Å"ordinary† men. REFERENCES Browning, Christopher R. Normal Men: Reserve Police Battalion 101 and the Final Solution in Poland. New York: HarperCollins, 1992.

What You Dont Know About Argumentative News Articles Essay Topics

What You Don't Know About Argumentative News Articles Essay Topics While you might not get the opportunity for attempting all of them, pick the field which interests you, decide on any topic and get started writing. You research, develop an argument, find evidence to back up your claims, etc. Becoming in a position to compose a strong argument can help you succeed in society. As an issue of fact, the content of your essay is dependent on what you're likely to write about. Facts, Fiction and Argumentative News Articles Essay Topics The student should investigate a topic, evaluate evidence, collect, generate, and set a standpoint on the subject in a powerful and concise way. To write a fantastic argumentative essay the students first must investigate several sides of the argument, which enables them to make an educated stance. Generally, the argumentative essay has the exact same outline as most conventional papers. Lastly, you also need to have the ability to explore each side of the argument to provide a rounded essay. In the end, now that you're prepared to work on your paper, we wish to remind you of the value of suitable essay structure. To make sure that your paper stands out you are able to also, benefit from choosing an unusual subject. English language classes usually need a lot of writing. For this reason, you can stay sure that you'll find the best possible grade! You don't need to lose grades as a result of incorrect essay format. Using good informational essay topics can have an impact on how good a grade you get. The shortage of excellent support sources are going to result in a decrease grade. In any case, direct and indirect quotes are required to support your understanding of academic writing style. 1 important and appropriate subject is technology. Many brilliant individuals who achieved success in life proved actually academic drop-outs. One of the greatest strategies to change anybody's mind is with an emotional investment. Some individuals may believe that the fantastic content could be written on any topic and the paper success is dependent just on the mastery of the writer. When you're picking your topic, remember that it's much simpler to write about something which you currently have interest ineven in case you don't know a great deal about it. One of the greatest methods to select your topic is to find one which you are in possession of a strong opinion about. It's not sufficient to sel ect a topic which everybody agrees on. Deciding on an effortless topic may prove to be an incorrect track because you might have difficulties finding credible sources to support your views. Deciding upon an emotional topic is also a great idea. Argumentative News Articles Essay Topics - What Is It? If you opt to be an independent essay writer, you can expect the exact same. Researching the topic will permit you to find out more about what fascinates you, and should you pick something you truly like, writing the essay will be more enjoyable. When you are finished with your essay, you must not simply check it for spelling and grammatical errors, but nevertheless, it also has to be checked for logical fallacies. Argumentative essay is about arguing and debating on a subject, which is debatable. If you are a newcomer to writing informative essays or simply struggle when it has to do with thinking of informative essay topics, then there's a great chance you may be searching for some help. A superb writer will have the ability to create any topic interesting, and one which knows and understands how to construct the essay as effectively as possible will have the ability to acquire great grades, regardless of what the topic is. Even if you're a specialist in a particular field, don't be afraid to use and cite external sources. The key to select a fantastic topic for an argumentative essay is to select a subject where there's a lot of debates on topics or stances. Having selected a very good topic to argue about, at this point you need to make an argumentative essay outline. It's important to select debatable argumentative essay topics since you need opposing points that you may counter to your own points. To come across argumentative essay topics easy on various platforms, you will need to comprehend about the argumentative essay. Argumentative essays are a few of the best that you can write as a student.

Human Resource Management Final Study - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 8 Words: 2255 Downloads: 9 Date added: 2017/09/22 Category Advertising Essay Type Argumentative essay Topics: Study Essay Time Management Essay Did you like this example? Keller Graduate School of Management Study Guide for Final Exam 1. Give four examples of major Equal Employment Opportunity laws and/or regulations, including the name of the act, what it does, whom it covers and who enforces it. Name of Act| What is does| Whom it covers| Enforcement Agency| Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964| Forbids discrimination based on race, color, sex, national origin, or religion| * Employers with 15 or more employees working 20 or more weeks a year * Labor Unions * Employment agencies * State and local governments| EEOC| Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA)| Prohibits discrimination against individuals with disabilities| Employers with 15 or more employees| EEOC| Age Discrimination in Employment Act (ADEA)| Prohibits discrimination in employment against individuals 40 years of age and older| * Employers with 15 or more employees working 20 or more weeks per year * Labor Unions * Employment agencies * Federal government| EEOC| Pregnancy Dis crimination Act| Prohibits discrimination on the basis of pregnancy, childbirth, or related medical conditions| Employer With more than 15 employees| EEOC| 2. How has the role of HRM changed in recent years? Discuss three trends that are changing the HRM function. Why have these roles changed? The amount of time devoted to administrative tasks is decreasing, and HRM role as a strategic business partner is increasing. The advances in technology are taking over many of the administrative tasks, like managing employee records and allowing employees to get information and enroll in training, benefits and other programs. HR professionals need to prepare employees to work in foreign locations, because of globalization. In regards to sustainability, an aging workforce means that employers will increasingly face HRM issues such as retirement planning, and retraining older workers to avoid skill obsolescence. 3. Job analysis is important to HR managers because information gathered in job analysis is used in so many HR activities/functions. Describe how job analysis information is used in four different HR activities/functions. Job analysis is used in: Human resource planning requires accurate information about the level of skills in all jobs to ensure that enough employees are available to meet the strategic needs of the corporation. Selection by determining the tasks that will be performed by the person hired and the knowledge, skills, and abilities the person must have to perform the job effectively. Training and Development After the job tasks have been identified training can be effectively developed to ensure trainers can prepare people to perform their jobs successfully. Performance appraisal emphasize the characteristics and behaviors of successful performers. 4. What are the differences among job analysis, job descriptions and job specifications? Job analysis is the process of getting detailed information about jobs. A job analysis is where all the det ail is gained for the job description and job specifications. A job description is a list of the tasks, duties, and responsibilities that a job entails. Job specification is a list of the knowledge, skills, abilities, and other characteristics that an individual must have to perform a job 5. Which is not an advantage of employing temporary workers as a means of eliminating a labor shortage? Temporary workers may have little experience. They may also make the full time employees feel threatened, especial after downsizing has occurred. 6. What is downsizing? Discuss the four major reasons why organizations engage in downsizing. In general, are downsizing strategies successful? List reasons why or why not. Downsizing is the planned elimination of a large number of employees designed to enhance organizational effectiveness. Reasons for downsizing include: * need to reduce labor costs * technological changes reduce need for labor mergers and acquisitions reduce bureaucratic overhead * organizations choose to change the location of where they do business Studies show that firms that announce a downsizing campaign show worse, rather than better financial performance. Reasons include: * The long-term effects of an improperly managed downsizing effort can be negative. * Many downsizing campaigns let go of people who turn out to be irreplaceable assets. * Employees who survive the staff purges often become narrow-minded, self-absorbed, and risk-averse. 7. Forecasting indicates the need for skilled technical employees in your company will increase dramatically this year. If the company continues on its present ourse, it will experience a substantial labor shortage by years end. Something must be done fast, but management is concerned about maintaining its flexibility. Which of the options for avoiding expected labor shortages identified in the text would be most appropriate under these circumstances? Explain your answer. To remain flexible and do something fast regard ing the upcoming forecasted labor shortage, the company can do one of these or a combination; hire temporary workers, outsource, or offer overtime. Hiring temporary workers helps eliminate a labor shortage. Temporary employment affords firms the flexibility needed to operate efficiently in the face of swings in demand. 8. Define utility and then identify and discuss at least five factors likely to affect the utility of any test. Utility is the degree to which the information provided by selection methods enhances the bottom line effectiveness. Reliability, generalization, validity, effectiveness enhances selection process, economic consequences of failure 9. Identify and discuss two specific ways in which the Americans with Disabilities Act has impacted (or constrained) the process of selecting employees. Under ADA, a firm must make reasonable accommodation to a physically or mentally disabled individual unless doing so would impose undue hardship† like being cost prohibiti ve. There have been consequences of this act like increased litigation. The act was passed to protect people with major disabilities, but cases being filed do not reflect Congressional intent. 10. Discuss at least four ways to improve the performance feedback process. * Be specific, give often frequent (no surprises). Feedback should be given frequently, not once a year. * Create the right context for the discussion. A hall way would not be an appropriate environment for constructive feedback (criticism). * Focus feedback on behavior or results, not on the person. * Agree to specific goals and set a date to review progress. 11. Discuss the relationship between training, development and careers. Training focuses on helping employees’ performance in the current jobs. Development refers to formal education, job experiences, relationships, and assessment of personality and abilities that help employees prepare for the future. Careers are a sequence of positions held within an occupation. A career is a path in which training and development help to get employee to the next level. 12. Describe and discuss the different ways that job experiences can be used for employee development. Assume development is most likely to occur when there is a mismatch between the employees skills and past experience and the skills required for the job. Job enlargement refers to adding challenges or new responsibilities to an employee’s current jobs. Job rotation is the process of systematically moving a single individual from one job to another over the course of time. A transfer is a movement of an employee to a different job assignment in a different area of the company Promotions advances into positions with greater challenge, more authority than the employee’s previous job. A downward move occurs when an employee is given a reduced level of responsibility and authority. 13. Explain what job withdrawal is, its three levels of progression and how it rela tes to job satisfaction. Progression of withdrawal is a theory that dissatisfied individuals enact a set of behaviors in succession to avoid their work situation. Three categories include: * behavior change * physical job withdraw * psychological job withdraw Withdrawal behaviors are related to one another, and they are all at least partially caused by job dissatisfaction. 14. Describe the impact of coworkers and supervisors on employee satisfaction. For what three reasons might an employee be satisfied with his or her supervisor or coworker? A person may be satisfied with his or her supervisor and coworkers for one of two reasons: shared values, attitudes, beliefs, and philosophies, strong social support 15. Describe the differences between internal equity comparisons and external equity comparisons, and explain their consequences on the organization. Two types of employee social comparisons of pay are especially relevant in making pay-level and job structure decisions. Exter nal equity pay comparisons focus on what employees in other organization are paid for doing the same job. Benchmarking is a procedure by which an organization compares its own practices against those of the competition. Such comparisons are likely to influence external employee movement like the attraction s and retention of quality employees, increase or decrease labor cost and employee attitudes. Internal equity pay comparisons focus on what employees within the same organization, but in different jobs, are paid. Consequences of internal equity on the organization are promotions, transfers, job rotation, cooperation among employees, and employee attitudes. 16. Why is it useful for organizations to think in terms of designing a mix of programs rather than choosing one overall compensation program? Give examples. A combination of compensation programs will help balance individual, group, and organizational objectives. Potential consequences of compensation programs are performanc e motivation of employees, attraction of employees, organization culture, and costs. Contingencies that may influence whether a pay program fits the situation are management style, and type of work. 17. Communication of compensation issues is argued to represent a strategic opportunity for an organization to distinguish itself from its competition. Why is this so? A change in the compensation system is likely to give rise to employee concerns. Changes may be upsetting to employees, cause rumors and assumptions, effect productivity, and lower moral, HR needs to demystify the process. Communicating changes effectively can distinguish a company from its competitors who are not good communicators. 18. Discuss and contrast defined benefit and defined contribution pension plans. ********will be on final********* Defined Benefit Plan * Guarantees a specified retirement benefit level to employees. Calculated payments based on age and service. * Insulates employees from investment risk. * PBGC (Pension Benefit Guaranty Corporation) guarantees basic retirement benefit in case of financial difficulties. ERISA (Employee Retirement Income Security Act) increased the fiduciary responsibilities of pension plan trustees, established vesting rights and portability provisions, and established the PBGC. Defined Contribution Plan * Does not promise employees a specific benefit level upon retirement. * Employers shift investment risk to the employee. * Most prevalent in small companies. 19. What are HMOs and PPOs? How do they differ from each other and from traditional health care providers? Health maintenance organizations (HMO) * focus on preventive care and outpatient treatment. * require employees to use only HMO services and providing benefits on a prepaid basis. * physicians and health-care workers paid a flat salary to reduce incentive of raising costs. Better for younger, healthier employees and dependants Preferred provider organizations (PPOs) * have contract with emp loyers and insurance companies, to provide care at reduced fees. * do not provide benefits on a prepaid basis. * employees often are not required to use just the PPOs. * tend to be less expensive than traditional health care but more expensive than HMOs. * get to choose your doctor 20. Discuss flexible spending accounts, citing their purpose, benefits and drawbacks. Flexible spending accounts permit pretax contributions to an employee account that can be drawn on to pay for uncovered health care expenses, and child care, up to $5000 a year. Funds must be spent during the year or they revert to the employer (use it or lose it). The major advantage is that take-home pay increases because of pretax contributions. A drawback to employers is FSAs have high administrative costs. 21. What can management do to prepare for contract negotiations with a union? Pg 633 * Review the old contract. * Prepare and analyze data. * Anticipate union demands. * Establish the costs of various possible contract provisions. * Make preparations for a strike. * Determine the strategy and logistics. 22. Name and discuss the four factors that affect HRM in global markets. Which of them do you think is the most important factor and why? Implications of Culture for HRM (most important because it affects others) * The legal system is an outgrowth of the culture, reflecting societal norms. * Often determines effectiveness of HRM practices. Human Capital * Countries differ in their levels of human capital. * A countrys human capital is determined by a number of variables, primarily, educational opportunity. * Countries with low human capital attract facilities that require low skills and low-wage levels. * Countries with high human capital are attractive sites for direct foreign investment that creates high-skill jobs. Political/Legal System * Dictates the requirements of certain HRM practices, such as training, compensation, hiring, firing, and layoffs. United States has led the world i n eliminating discrimination in the workplace and controlling the process of labor management negotiations. Economic System * Under socialist economies, there is little economic incentive to develop human capital, but ample opportunity exists because education is free. * In capitalist systems, the opposite situation exists, with higher tuition at state universities but economic incentives exist through individual salaries 23. Discuss the four categories of HR linkages with the business. Pg 700 HR functions articulation of people outcomes stem more from an analysis of what their functions currently do than from an understanding of how those people outcomes relate to the larger business. People link functions have clear indentified, articulated, and aligned their HR activities around people issues and outcomes, but not business issues and outcomes. Business link HR functions begin with an assessment of what HR is doing, then identify the major people outcomes they should focus on, and, in a few cases, how those might translate into positive business outcomes. Business driven functions have fully developed HR strategies with begin in identifying the major business needs and issues, consider how people fit in and what people outcomes are necessary, and then build HR systems focused on meeting those needs. Source: Noe, R. , Hollenbeck, J. , Gerhart, B. , Wright, P. (2008). Human Resource Management: Gaining the competitive advantage. New York: McGraw-Hill/Irwin. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Human Resource Management Final Study" essay for you Create order

State Lamark and Darwins Theory - 1727 Words

2a) State Lamark and Darwin’s theory and explain the difference using an example Lamark proposed the theory that offspring were able to inherit the traits that were acquired during their parent’s lifetime. He held the belief that organisms altered their behaviour according to their environment, in turn modifying their organs and body structure to best suit their surroundings. The improved structures useful to the organism were then to be inherited by their offspring. Unused organs would deteriorate and eventually be removed from the body overtime. For example, giraffes obtained the useful characteristic of elongated necks and front limbs to reach food in high trees through the straining of their necks. It was believed that that the neck and front limbs would progressively elongate each generation as giraffes stretched further. On the other hand, Darwin believed that genetic variation already existed with a population of organisms. Physical and chemical environmental changes or competition for resources acted as selecting agents for favourable genetic characteristics. The organisms with the genes best adapted to the environment would survive and produce offspring with those favourable traits. Conversely, those with unsuitable traits died off quicker and therefore were less likely to reproduce. Over generations, the organisms with the desirable characteristics would eventually dominate the population. For example, giraffes with the already existing favourable trait ofShow MoreRelatedEvolution Of Evolution And Genetics921 Words   |  4 PagesBiologists have been studying evolution and genetics to further advance human knowledge, discover the human origins, and to eliminate human illnesses. Biologists like Lamark and Darwin have contributed much knowledge to the biology community and have helped many grasp the idea of evolution. But there are still many questions left unanswered; regressive evolution is one of these puzzling questions left unanswered. Cavefishes may help solve the mystery of why regressive evolution occurs and biologists

Technology and Scientists in Movies-Free-Samples-Myassignmenthelp

Question: "In what ways are science, scientists and/or technology portrayed in the film and for what purposes?". Answer: Science, scientists and technology form the core of all science fiction movies. These movies apply creativity and go beyond the everyday life experiences to portray science as an essential aspect of life and scientists as fearless and highly intelligent persons. Revelers of such movies never stop to wonder at the genius depicted in these movies and for this reason; they remain all time favorite genre for movie lovers across the globe. The film Close Encounters of the Third Kind is based on two parallel story lines depicting scientists on a discovery mission. The first narration involves a group of research scientists investigating the strange appearances of items in remote locations. Claude Lacombe, one of the investigators uses the Kodaly method of music education as a means of communication as they go on with their investigation. This action at first baffles the scientist but soon, an American cartographer, David Laughlin unravels the meaning. The second plot introduces Roy Neary, an electric company lineman and Jillian Guiler, a single mother among some persons in Munice, Indiana. They experience a paranormal activity before a flash of lightning shoots up the sky. They largely believe this to be an Unidentified Flying Object (UFO). Although all others believe the object is a UFO, Roy becomes curious and gets obsessed with the phenomenon. He is out to unravel the truth about the UFO lie as propagated by persons in authority. In these two parallel plots we see two ordinary individuals transform into great scientists because of the strange happenings around them (Landon, 2014). This particular case demystifies science and scientists as people who look out for vanity. It depicts science as a necessity to solve the dilemmas of life.Science in this movie is portrayed as the answer to mans search for meaning (Barsam and Monahan, 2015). Through science, we discover through the movies that there is more to life than what the human mind can grasp. It appears that the creators of these movies intend to offer hope to man in the current sufferings. There is also a depiction of truth that can be discovered by science. In the story line for the movie Close encounters of the Third Kind, both Roy and Jillian refuse to accept a belief that is generally agreed among their contemporaries (Redmond, 2014). Although the flash of light in the sky remains a mystery, they are daring enough to go against the grain and seek for truth. Scientists in movies are mostly depicted as curious and courageous people who seek for answers in difficult places. There is usually a show of high level intelligence in these individuals who stop at nothing to unravel a mystery. The American Cartographer, David Laughlin uses his brain to decipher the meaning behind the Kodaly music. This discovery stirs the mind of movie watchers assuring them that there is no mystery in life that cannot be solved. This communication technique ultimately leads humans to discover the communication code of the aliens. Movie lovers visualize this as an indication that the human mind bears the capacity to bring solutions to sophisticated problems that confront humanity. Scientists in movies do not believe in common sayings that have no evidential back-up. This quality is seen in Roy who declines to believe that the mysterious flash of light in the sky is a UFO as largely believed by his seniors. He does not allow his mind to recede into a lazy mode and works hard to unravel the mystery. When the Frenchman Lacombe and David Laughlin discover Flight 19 that went missing from the American air space thirty years earlier, their curiosity is triggered. The two begin to connect events together and to unravel the mystery is missing planes. This is an extrapolation of real life events where planes are said to have mysteriously disappeared in the Bermuda triangle. In this regard, the movie offers answers to mysterious happenings (Dourish and Bell, 2014). Scientists are often depicted as fearless individuals who endanger their lives for the benefit of humanity (Brown and Rapper 2017). In the movie under review, Jillian is determined to get to the bottom of the UFO mystery. She is driven into this expedition not just for herself but for her son who has undergone his share of strange experiences. This courageous character joins with selflessness to portray her in good light in the eyes of the viewer. Scientists are also depicted as having no malice in their endeavors and their investigations always lead to goodwill for mankind. In science fiction movies there is the use of cutting edge technology to unravel mysteries in strange places (Johnston, 2013). Technology becomes an enabler for carrying out explorations that baffle the mind. The scientists never allow technology to replace their creative energies as they unearth the working of things in mysterious places. The title of the movie talks of the third kind which relates to encounters with aliens. Aliens are creations in the mind and many people have dilemmas as to whether they actually exist or not (Alkon, 2013). The ingenious discovery of the language of the aliens is a work of expertise for the scientists. Their expedition soon gains national importance and is seen as the answer to long unsolved mysteries. The result of the communication is that the UFOs land on earth with their spaceship and many people who were captured by them earlier walk out Roy is ultimately holds a conversation with the aliens in coded language. This elevates the place of technology as the ultimate answer to lifes difficult questions (Kozlovic, 2016).The ultimate goal, however of all movies is entertainment. As much as science fiction leaves many questions in the mind of the viewer, the objects created therein are usually a creation of mans imagination. Persons who are frustrated with things that remain a mystery to them gain hope but are also entertained. Conclusion The popularity of science fiction in the entertainment scene is a testament of how they serve to entertain and also trigger the imagination of viewers. Many people will continue to patronize the movies as they peg their hopes that lifes unexplained mysteries will be unraveled. References Alkon, P. K. (2013).Science fiction before 1900: imagination discovers technology(No. 3). Routledge. Barsam, R., Monahan, D. (2015).Looking at movies. WW Norton Company. Brown, N., Rappert, B. (2017).Contested futures: A sociology of prospective techno-science. Routledge. Dourish, P., Bell, G. (2014). Resistance is futile: reading science fiction alongside ubiquitous computing.Personal and Ubiquitous Computing,18(4), 769-778. Johnston, K. M. (2013).Science Fiction Film: A Critical Introduction. Berg. Kozlovic, A. K. (2016). From holy aliens to cyborg saviours: Biblical subtexts in four science fiction films.Journal of Religion Film,5(2), 3. Landon, B. (2014).Science Fiction after 1900: from the Steam Man to the Stars. Routledge. Redmond, S. (2014).Liquid metal: the science fiction film reader. Columbia University Press.