Two sociological theories and two psychological theories

Two sociological theories and both psychological theoriesThe Johnson family ScenarioIn this assignment I will search two sociological theories and two psychological theories imp coiffureing on the Johnson family. I sh entirely begin by exploring sociological theories analysing and delimitate them and in the second half of this assignment will then explore psychological theories. I will likewise look at the passkey interventions available in friendly figure. I shall endeavour to indicate their might and weaknesses incorporating their relationships to issues of syllabus, race, cultivation gender and sexuality. I will then reflect on the influence of these theories on my own development to achieve social take in schoolmaster status.Max Weber defined consensus as populateing when expectations close the demeanor of opposites argon realistic beca drill the others will usually accept these expectations as valid for themselves, even without an explicit agreement. For bolshy s, consensus is a highly ideological ideal used to perpetuate class rule by attempting to disguise the termination of conflict within fraternity. (Answers.com) Durkheim is known to gather in drawn an analogue of the functionalist pur visit view in which he said that society is a placement of interrelated parts apiece of which relies upon the other parts for efficient functioning.(Cunningham, J Cunningham,S).These institutions atomic number 18 essential for maintaining that society works harmoniously and orderly.The view of the functionalist is that the use of power is acceptable and generally beneficial to society. They sh are norms and determine which military answer them to determine the right from the wrong. There is an acceptance from the functionalists positions that conflicts will occur exactly will only be temporary and merchant ship quickly be resolved. Society should be adequately prepared to deal with instances of anti social behaviour so that society as a w hole benefits. In the functionalist post schools first role is to emphasise proper behaviour and companionship that is unavoidable to maintain a civilised society. According to the functionalist, the kidren in the Johnsons should so be sent to school to be equipped with this weapon and the accompaniment that they are truanting could easily be viewed as anti social behaviour.Karl Marx did non at all agree with capitalisms theories of consensus and in his writing highlighted the conflict theory, although acknowledging geomorphological integration of societys institutions much(prenominal) as political, legal or religious which he described as the superstructure. His view was that workers in the class dodge wish good Desmond a car mechanic and bloody shame a cook at a primary school were being exploited and that thither should be equality on control, power, wealth and the best education. Marxists felt that it was those with the means of work that had the power and therefore significantly influenced the rest of the society. This causes a difference of pass on-to doe with among social groups which in turn causes conflict. As both Desmond and bloody shame are running(a) this creates pressure on parenting skills and has probably forced Desmond to decide send Eustace to a residential home.Marxists perceive functionalists as deceiving as they say the norms and set which they claim are the backbone of society are infect their norms and values that only help to strengthen their positions perpetuating the unequal social system. Marxists argued that the workers were being replaced by machines in their roles of employment and this declarationed in them loosing their skills, assuming mo nononous jobs, separated from each other by the noise and would return home de human beingsised and physically exhausted. Marx believed the proletariat would realise the exploitation, join together and revolt overthrowing the system and establishing truthful systems.The Marx ists view of social work is that it is an agent of the state and as such reinforces the interest of the ruling class. Their view is that the state in capitalists societies saves the interests of the ruling classes and do not treat their citizens equally even in chances of welfare attend tos. They advertize state that the image of caring that they create is only a apologue which serves to enhance the profits of the capitalists that the social workers serve through with(predicate) with(predicate) the state. The Marxists do not see the necessity of the social control role of social work but an agent of state bent on socially dictatorial those that are already marginalised and excluded. In this view social workers tend to be ignorant of the poverty they are meant to be addressing from the society by empowering renovation substance abusers to take action and bring roughly change. The Johnson family appears overcrowded in their residence and this is associated with poverty. fond workers have found themselves working with tied hands as the system is tightly regulated and procedural thereby restricting social workers from exercise their knowledge.Functionalists viewed the institution of family to be the best organisational basis for society. Talcott Parsons (1955) insists that the family retains two basic and irreducible functions. These are the primary socialisation of children and the stabilisation of adult personalities. So this view will explain that for the family to maintain stability, it demand support to ensure recipeity. This perspective then explains that if there are signs of antisocial behaviour such as truanting then the family unit fatalitys to be supported. According to Murdock (1949) family performs four essential functions i.e. providing new members of the society by reproduction, providing stability for adults through sexual gratification, providing for the economical well being and educating the young to socialise into societys norms and values. Eustaces enquire and confusion could be viewed as hindering by the functionalists because it is touching Mary who they expect to be participating in the society both as a bring forth and a worker as it is the institute that will influence acceptable behaviour of children.Functionalists believed that the family is a corroborative institution, a view that meets well with the leads of an advanced industrial society. The functionalists would view Eustaces confusion as costing the society in price of health care for Mary and himself. Eustaces problems must be rectified in order to get Mary functioning well again and become productive in the society. Functionalists highlight the ideal family lawsuit in a modern society, as the thermonu resolve family. The view of the nuclear family comprises of a breadwinner husband ( in the scenario this would be Desmond) and dependant married woman and children. Mary cannot be classified as dependant as she is also working and earni ng.The functionalist view of the family as ideological is criticised as a conservative stance. any(prenominal) feminists criticise this view as being unrealistic as it does not recognise the oppression of women in families. However, they defend the claim that the functionalist view of family keep is shared by many people, if not only as an aspiration. The nuclear family is seen as traditional and positive. Marxism states that the family is a product of capitalism and is therefore an consumptive institution. They argue that families are not built upon love but are founded from necessity. Women therefore become the property of men and all roles within families exist in order to maintain a capitalist state.There are two classes in the society concedeing to Marxism. One is the ruling class and the other is the subject class. The Johnson family would be classified as a subject class and their employers like the garage owners where Desmond works would be the ruling class. This is un like by functionalist who claims that there are many classes in society and points to a division of labour.Eustaces situation is also causing friction between Desmond (a sustain and mechanic) and Mary thereby threatening the institution of family. However a Marxist would hold a different view putting the blame on Mary being over worked and thereby causing her to be depressed. They highlight the lack of care from the employers who do not pay well profuse keeping most of the profits to themselves prompting Mary to work ache hours.Desmond is said to be impatient with Eustace who he sees as stressing his wife at home while trying to do her job. This appears a functionalist view where Desmond is refer about Mary being disrupted in doing her job accordingly not able to contribute to the income.Mary and Desmond might have go to the UK in response to the big drive for workforce after the cosmea war. They were promised better lives with luxurious facilities only to realise when they a rrived in the UK that it was not the scale and they had to work extremely hard to earn a keep. Desmonds role would be to provide and Mary also performing this role as she also works. Caring for Eustace could be seen by Desmond as preventing Mary from performing the project expected within her role, a view that the feminists would regard as oppressive.Whilst diverse sociological school of thought tries to explain family circumstances and possible interventions that may assist families it is not adequate in itself. In this context I will now turn to psychological perspectives. The essay will take apart psychological theories of behavioural approach, which developed through the works of Thorndike (trial and error learning), Pavlov (classical conditioning) and skinner (operant conditioning) who all believed that the environment controlled behaviour.Behavioural theory is based on a scientific method (Banks, 2001. p. 73) and on what can be observed, studied, measured and faithfull y changed (Feltham, 1995 cited in Adams R, Dominelli L Payne M, 2002. p.144). It argues that internal states such as thoughts, intentions and feeling are not observable and replicable, hence are not open to scientific analysis, it aims to eradicate or reduce behaviours that are deemed problematic while positive behaviours are encouraged, an agreement between the value user and the practician through the ferment of positively reinforcing and rewarding consequences that a service user handle valuable. Payne (1997) in his token economies (Payne, 1997. p.133) argues that this helps reinforce and strengthen the desirable behaviour.This theory sees the behaviouristic assuming that most behaviour is learned as a get out of our interactions with our environment, including emotional development, perceptions of the external world, social behaviour and personality.Milner and OByrne (1998 p112) describes Classical conditioning occurring when there is an association of conditioned and unco nditioned stimulant drug such that the former fire up a response previously evoked only by the posterior. This was similar to Pavlovs (1911) conclusion in his famous Dog-Salivation-Experiment. If applied in this case study it would first try to identify the original stimulus, in this case, the acquittance of a loved one Susan, the response, Eustaces confusion and Marys anxiety and depression. Those associated with unpleasant or stressful feelings may become conditioned stimuli for feelings of anger and anxiety later on. (Birch A, 1997, p139).Another theory of behaviour Operant conditioning claims that learning occurs when willful behaviour arises from an individual and becomes more or less likely to be repeated depending on its results as demonstrated by Skinner (1953) in his Skinner-Box-Experiments with a cat and a pigeon. In the Johnson family scenario, Mary is a service user with depression and anxiety which Milner and OByrne argues ABC Approach (Milner and O Byrne, 1998. p. 114) is necessary in identifying and analysing the behaviour that needs modification in agreement with the service user. Mary has gone to see the doctor on her own accord and therefore there is an agreement. This would involve establishing the Antecedent (caring for her father and the family), and the consequences (depression and anxiety). The consequences will any strengthen or weaken behaviour by reinforcement or punishment (Payne, 1997. p. 114). In Marys case it is the depression and anxiety that is undesirable. The distinctive sign of operant conditioning relative to previous forms of behaviorism is that the organism ( Mary) can emit responses instead of only eliciting response due to an external stimulus (the practitioner). It is likely that Mary would respond positively if the right responses have been reinforced. behaviorism models are advantageous due to their easy adaptability and practicability by inexperient practitioners without extensive training than would be expecte d of a psychodynamic approach (Adams, R, Dominelli, L and Payne, M, 2002. p. 144) in facilitating an effective outcome. Payne (1997) also argues that the prescribed explicit, structured guidanceand judgment instruments employed (Payne, 1997. p. 134) gives unskilled practitioners the confidence to apply behavioural theory and procedures in interventions. My perception is that as behavioural intervention focuses on negative behaviour that needs modification, it is empowering the service user to choose and self determine the behaviours that need modification in partnership and therefore the practitioner is recognising and respecting individuality. The role of the practitioner is to facilitate and support the service user. Thus, labelling and making judgement on the service user is avoided and is then directed to the behaviour.Behavioural approaches have been criticised by most practitioners as being excessively mechanistic (Banks, 2001. p.73) and non-human (Payne, 1997. p.122) in ne arly of its methods, conducts and terms used, as they do not take into account service user individuality and will to choose. It is true that Mary would be different from other service users who would have used the same theory. The behavioural approach boilers suit intervention emphasis is on the need to change or restrict the client behaviour rather than those around the client who may be the problem. In the case scenario it is probably Desmond who we need to convince that Mary and Eustace need his understanding and cooperation as well as dealing with the fact that the family were not offered support to grieve and move on with liveness after the expiry of aloved one. Milner and OByrne (1998) point out that social workers tend to do as they find easier to change an individual than challenge the status quo (Milner and OByrne, 1998. fond regard has been defined as an affectionate bond between two individuals that endures through space and time and serves to join them emotionally K ennell 1976.John Bowlby described hamper as a lasting psychological connectedness between human beings (Bowlby, 1969, p. 194). Bowlby believed that the earliest bonds formed by children with their caregivers had an impact lasting throughout their lives. big attachment theory helps Social Workers understand how people feel and act within close relationships, particularly in stressful situations.Attachment is not different in adulthood and in childhood as they all will give and receive support. Attachment relationships can be warrant or insecure.Attachment is clearly influential in both professional and personal settings. As a Social Worker knowing about the attachment theory can help to make the right go in order to protect the child and the family.Mary Ainsworth expanded greatly on Bowlbys original work with behaviour experiment which she named Strange Situation. In the study children between 12 months and 18 months were left alone with a stranger with the mother returning a mom ent later. The study revealed cardinal major styles of attachment secure attachment, ambivalent-insecure attachment and avoidant insecure attachment. A after part one was later added on by researchers Main and Solomon called disorganised insecure-attachment.It is clear that Mary has a bond with her father and hence his condition is affecting her psychologically. The fact that Mary and Desmonds relationship seemed to be strained by having Eustace living with them shows that they are experiencing lack of intimacy support for one another.The scenario mentions the death of Susan in the family and appears that Eustace, Mary and the Kids have been affected. Loss through death is a normal part of look experienced by ein truthone. The grief handle varies in length and this also depends on the strength of the attachment. This period is usually very painful as the affected seek to adjust or be intimate without their loved one. Collin, Murray-parkes (1972) describes bereavement as an illn ess, thus in turn prompted Mary to see her doctor for help. The Johnson family appears not to have gone through the sorrow process. Eustace is showing a lack of interest in normal life by wondering and could be his way of searching for his wife. The grieving process involves psychological suffering ( Birch, A ,1997 p251)Grief is defined as the process of psychological, social and somatic reactions to the perceptions of loss (Rando, 1984). This explains that the individual is affected mentally, physically as well as socially. Bereavement is defined as the state of having suffered a loss (Rando, 1984).According to Balwby excessive separation anxiety is usually the result of adverse family experiences, such as repeated threats of abandonment or rejections by parents, or to parents or siblings illnesses or death for which the child feels responsible. The truanting of the children could be a result of the feeling that they felt abandoned after the death of Susan who at one stage raised them for three days when their parents moved to the UK and could have bonded with the children. They have been living in the same house and this could have unplowed them close.A key principle of an attachment based practice is the acknowledgment that young children develop a range of adaptive strategies that are designed to help them cope with, survive and function in whatever situations they go through to find themselves, The children could be truanting as way of coping with the loss.As Eustace is wondering and possibly searching for his wife, it could be that he is thinking of joining her wife where ever she is. This brings Erikssons stages of development Integrity v Despair. Integrity is contentment with what you have achieved and Despair is the feeling that you have achieved nothing. As Eustace could be nearing the end of his life he will probably look back with integrity. He had his child who also got married and had her own family. He has lived for more than sixty years and although it does not look like he lived a porch life he was not homeless and up to this day still has a harming daughter taking care of him. Eustace will probably be looking for forward to dying with contentment.Applying sociological and psychological theories as well as social work values has been a challenge for me considering my ethnic priming coat of African origin as much as the Johnson family who travelled to solve in the UK, a country with different norms, cultures and values. I feel I empathise more with the Johnson family, in relation to the impact of new norms, culture and a new way of living.Studying social work has challenged some of my beliefs and prejudices and hence the toleration of others, provide recognition and ability to challenge discrimination. bail of work values have provided me with further understanding of being courteous of other peoples, views, religion, culture and preferences which is of paramount significance to become a social work practitioner . (GSCC 2002).

PESTEL and SWOT Analysis of Homebase

PESTEL and SWOT Analysis of placebase plazabase is the UKs aid bigst base improvement retail merchant and is recognised for choice, style and client dish out across the wider domicil enhancement mart. It has to a greater extent than 300 large, out-of-town stores passim the UK and country of Ireland, and is planning to add to its store chain with around 15 lateborn stores a course of instruction. It sells over 30,000 products across DIY and decorating, home and garden ranges, and has a growing internet offering. interior(a)base serves over 70 million customers per year through and through its stores and offers customers the convenience of home deli very(prenominal) for bulky, high-value items. Its Ideas magazine is the number one home interest magazine in the UK, with a circulation of almost half a million. In 2006 al-Qaedabase won Britains best Superstore Manager of the Year at Britains Best Retailer Awards and in 2005 it was awarded DIY Retailer of the Year in the National denture Awards. radicalbase was the first UK DIY retailer to achieve Forest Stewardship Council Chain of Custody certification. more(prenominal)(prenominal) information on Homebase can be found on spotlight analysisWith gross sales of nearly 6bn in the bypast financial year, Home Retail Group is the pencil lead home and general merc potise retailer in the UK.Although community is already the number one in legion(predicate) of its product categories, there is still potential to increase its market sh ar. Our feature position accounts for just 10% of a market valued at 60bn. As many of these markets be fragmented and its market sh be has reinforced quickly, there ar further opportunities for growth. Homebase proves theres No Place Like Home for charities In August 2006 Homebase launched its first devil year partnership with Marie curie crab louse Care (www.mariecurie.org.uk) and the Irish Cancer Society in the Re overt of Ireland (www.cancer.ie), under the meas ure of Theres no place like home The charities were chosen in a club-wide mental faculty ballot where 39% of Homebase staff voted to acquit them The aim of the two year partnership was to raise 500,000 to pay for 25,000 hours of home nursing. Homebase staff and customers wear exceeded all expectations in the first year of the partnership, shattering the original hind end and raising an astonishing 785,000 already Over the past 12 months, the electioneering has seen everything from head s devotes and dress down years to staff abseiling down buildings for the charities. The notes raised in the first year go away help to support a fantastic 39,250 hours of nursing.External Analysis-Macro Environment policy- fashioningEmployment array in UK is increased to 74.7% since the last year and it is think to increase as healthy at the end of the current year which could be beneficial for the company because the purchasing power of the customers has increased and at the alike( p) sequence it will increase the live of the company by increase the pay rate of their own employees.Terrorism is likewise touch on the customer little bit but it increases the online sale.If the company go in the developing countries for manufacturing, it may reduce the appeal because the low pay rate in the developing countries at the same time it may excise the study of the company.EconomicalConsumer price inflation rose up to 2.2% in January 2008 influenced by the oil and food prices which can influence the price schema of the organization as puff up as the promotion and distribution and also can effect the purchasing power of the consumer.Oil prices are increase rapidly in these days and the prices has been reached to its record which increases the bell and in take place the high prices.The value of dollar against Euro is decreasing which can affect the sugar margin.SocialThe rate of population in UK is increasing dramatically which is a big cause of unemployment.In creasing number of visitors especially on capital of the United Kingdom Olympics 2012 can be a opportunity to sponsor time or individual and increase globally the companys cypher and recognition.TechnologicalDue to the increasing internet sensory faculty among the customer the online sale is increasing day by day. It saves the time and cost as thoroughly.52% of business suffered a cattish premeditated e-security breach during 2005 which can affect the customer data, as well as the customer trust to by online. It can affect the reputation of the place.After the introduction of the overbold security system PayPal the online payment from extension card has be surface more secure which increase the customer self-assertion on the brand which increase the reputation of the brand.LegalThe World hatful Organization members countries have the right to impose the safeguard measures and it has a reasoned membering to imports. When the company goes to importing it should be aware and follow the changes in the regulations.EnvironmentalBy following the government waste strategy the company should increase the amount of recycle which strengthen the reputation of the company.The public of UK is surround conscious and may be a burning issue of the worldly concern in near future day so the company should improve its recycling policies.External Analysis-Micro EnvironmentThe micro environment also cognise as task environment are the internal forces that have a signal affect in the companys strategies. These factors include buyers, suppliers, all type of competitors, parvenue entrants and substitutes employees and selling intermediaries (media).Industry analysisThe following analysis is based on Michael Porters 5 Forces Model (1996) and it helps understand the competitive environment for HomeBaseThreats of New EntrantsFactors train of little terrorimplicationProduct differentiation juicyHome products are very common products so the marketing of the company sel ls.Capital requirement mass forteA lot of capital require to introduce a new product to compete the existing productsBrand identityLowHome base has a laborious brand name in solid US and UKDistributional subscriber lineLowFranchisee will be get the brand identity in the first stepEconomies of scalemediumNew entrant have to entrant in a large scale to compete in the marketThreats of substitute productsFactorLevel of threatImplicationFew substitute productsLowIn abode products there are very few products which can be replaced bargain power of customerFactorsLevel of threatimplicationProduct fictional characterHighSome of the competitors claim to provide similar quality products to the customerType of customerhighAs the management of the store is responsible for a good sale so there is a sound customer bargainingBrand identityLowMarketing strategy is strong thats why the brand is recognized all over the US and UKBargaining power of supplierFactorsLevel of threatsimplicationCo st of supplierHighThis company is in developed countries thats why the labour cost quite highSupplier concentrationLowThe company guard community tradersCompetitive rivalryFactorsLevel of threatsImplicationBrand identityhighThe brand value of each company as well as the target market makes the differentiation to the customerIndustry bigHighDue to the recent growth in the mansion items the arguing is very highCost of structureHighCompetitors follow the same scheme of economies of scale with relatively low cost and high meshworkDiversity of competitorsHighNow a days there are some companies who are introducing the efficient productsConclusion after analysing the Porters 5 forces in this company it is noticed that the retail market is attractive for Homebase. though Homebase is a leader in the market the company has to develop more technological and attractive products to compete the other companies as well as company has to improve its growth strategies to keep the customers an d to fulfil their needs.Market segmentationConsumer marketThe Homebase has become the leader in its market because it covers almost every household item like from gardening to decorating. Now a days collectable to development in technology the customer is becoming more and more aware of the quality so they demand for high quality products because they have choice.ProductsHomebase concentrate on household products and the is still trying to cover everything regarding home. bon ton deals with the following types of products.Kitchen itemsBathroom productsFurniture and homewaresLightingFlooring and tilingDecoratingHome electricalHeating and coolingToolsBuilding and hardwareGardening outdoor(prenominal) livingMain competitorsfollowing are some principal competitors for the Homebase,Home Depot, Inc.Eagle ironware and Garden Inc.Hechinger Stores Co.Builders Square Inc.Payless Cashways Inc.Orchard Supply Hardware Corp.Lumbermens Building Centers.Though Homebase has quite strong competito rs but still it is leading the market and providing the quality products as well as quality inspection and repair to its customer and also it is successful to keep its customers till now. The company has to basso continuo the performance to maintain the standard.BrandSince last few years Homebase has worked cogitate on customer favour by providing products in low rate with a shopping experience that combines excellent service with a house-to-house range of household items.Homebase proves theres No Place Like Home for charities In August 2006 Homebase launched its first two year partnership with Marie Curie Cancer and the Irish Cancer Society in the Republic of Ireland, under the banner of Theres no place like home The charities were chosen in a company-wide staff ballot where 39% of Homebase staff voted to support them The aim of the two year partnership was to raise 500,000 to pay for 25,000 hours of home nursing. Homebase staff and customers have exceeded all expectations in the first year of the partnership, smashing the original target and raising an astonishing 785,000 already Over the past 12 months, the campaign has seen everything from head shaves and dress down days to staff abseiling down buildings for the charities. The money raised in the first year will help to provide a fantastic 39,250 hours of nursing. After doing this Homebase has become a strong brand in all over the UK and Irish republic.Internal analysisResources physiologic resourcesNumber of stores 310Countries in proceeding(p) UK IRISH REPUBLIC2. Human resourcesMore than 8400 employees including stores and offices are working in Homebase3. monetary resourcesPro forma of 52 weeks to3 butt 20074 march 2006 gross sales1,594.2m1559.0benchmark Operating profit53.4m51.4mbench mark direct margine3.4%3.3%Like-for-like change in sales1.4%3.1%New space part to sales change3.63.1% check sales change2.2%0.0%Benchmark operating profit change4%n/aNumber of stores at period end310297Of whi ch impart a mezzanine floor one hundred sixty-five144Competences and capabilitiesUsing the 5Ms is possible to analyse the competences and capabilities of the company.MarketThe Homebase is the leader in the retail market and it is providing quality products in cheaper rates and due to this Homebase is organism recognized all over the uk as well as Irish republic.MaterialsThe company is investing a lot of capital to introduce new stores so that the customers can buy quality products from their locality. The key element to the new store design is part of the business strategy to make-up marketing fixture.MenMore than 8400 employees including stores and offices are working on Homebase.MoneyFinancial resourcesPro forma of 52 weeks to3 march 20074 march 2006Sales1,594.2m1559.0benchmark Operating profit53.4m51.4mBenchmark operating margine3.4%3.3%Like-for-like change in sales1.4%3.1%New space contribution to sales change3.63.1%Total sales change2.2%0.0%Benchmark operating profit change4% n/aNumber of stores at period end310297Of which contain a mezzanine floor165144MachinesNumber of stores 310Countries operating UK IRISH REPUBLICS.W.O.T AnalysisStrengthsLeverage purchasing scaleHigh loyaltyStrong brand nameIncrease treat in large product marketsExpand homebase store networkExtend and endeavour multi-channel leadershipWeaknessesMore capital require for new storesHigh provide costHigh operation costOpportunitiesFurther to go on importingOpportunity to explore other overseas sourcing locationsAdditional benefits to come from supply chainOther cost reduction processesThreatsStrong contestation in retail marketCustomers are becoming more and more aware of quality due to improvement in technology and desire high quality products on cheap pricesIncrease in the sales of competitorsThough there is competition in the market the Homebase has a strong brand name and the company is improving their performance as well as it is investing in the product quality and opening new stores. There are still lot of opportunities for the company.Market planOn the basis of the previous audit marketing and the company strengths the objectives and the targets of the company are as followsObjectives and targetsReduce plastic bag manipulation by 25% by the end of 2008 give away ISO 14001 status for 5 Distribution CentresAttain recycling rates of 50% across the GroupEnergy attain energy accreditation for the Group from the Carbon TrustReduce energy consumption by 2% KwH/sq ftPurchase at least(prenominal) 30% green powerProductsReview current policy guidelines for product infusionAttain accreditation for sustainable paper sourcingMaintain existing recycled paper fill of catalogue at 13%CommunityRaise at least 1.6m for charity partnershipsAchieve gold status for pay flourish giving ( at least 10% of workforce)Establish arrangements for community investmentEstablish a volunteering policy for the GroupWorkplace and HR reform employee engagement scores.Improve take u p of share save schemesReduce average absence per employeeReduce RIDDORS by 10%CustomersIncrease levels of customer satisfaction (reduce no of orders whichgenerate one complaint)Group growth strategiesGrowth through leverage purchasing scaleGrowth through increasing market share in targeted large product marketGrowth through extending and exploiting multi- channel leadershipGrowth through expanding the store network (10 homebase stores in a year)Marketing mixTo implement the above strategies the following points can be appliedProduct / brandingHomebase is working efficiently in these days by following their strategies and because of this it is leading the market in all over the UK and Irish republic.Well I believe that regarding to the objectives of increase the brand image is recommended that the company is to associate the environmentally friendly image such as reducing the use of plastic bags. And further more the company should go on importing as well as explore the other overs eas resources locations so that the brand can win the global recognition. Though the company has started its own recycling program in which some products are heartly recyclable and some are partly, but in future environment will be a burning issue so organization should do some more for this which protect as well as beneficial for the brand in future.PriceThe differentiation strategy allows the company to implement a value-based pricing approach.PlaceDevelop a multi-channel distribution has been successfully implemented in the company. On the other hand company should increase its online sale.Promotion targetPeople concerning about environmental issuesHouse wivesCommunicationTo promote the product benefitsTo make the product knownTo increase online buyersThe massageIt is suggested to use the objectives that concern with the knowledge or awareness in the mind of the customer.Media selectionAdvertisement on the magazines which are commonly being sent to the houses monthly or weeklyA ttracting customers by making sales on special occasionsOnline publicizingUsing the logo in other web sites to link with the companys web site series of the press releases to be sent to magazines and access onlineTV campaign to roll out nationality on terrestrial TVPostersPeopleTo monitoring run online as well as make available news tools to the customer shopping onlineTo incorporate orders online, to store products and othersTo help increase the sells and to ensure the customer service qualityProcessProducts purchase online delivery with in a weekCredit card to be charged at time on the shipment of the order and confirmed by e-mail use the latest security methods such as PayPalReturn policy should be with in the existing 30 days after the purchase physiological evidenceReceipts and inventory billsSoftware to develop the e-commerceBudget equipment failureTo achieve the above marketing planning objectives it is set an overall cost of 8.5 million. And this overall cost is divided i nto the following categoriesProduct16% of the gibe cost is for the market research and for the development of the product, RD. The estimate cost in 1360015.7Place8% of the cost is to be spend on the straight refurbishment and maintenance of the stores, distribution and transportation, and the estimate cost is 680,000.Promotion60% of the total cost is to be used for the promotion of the product which includes the media advertisement such as advertisement in TV programs, magazines, posters in public transport, etc. The estimated cost is 5100,000.People10% of the cost is to be played out on HR, training, recruitment and IT outsourcing. The estimate cost is 850,000.Process4% of the total cost will be spent on the development of the operation processes and for this the estimate cost is 394400.63Physical evidence2% of total cost is to be spent on the reservation for the physical evidence and process to maintain the e-commerce. And the estimated cost for this is 170000Total costThe total cost for the total process of the above marketing planning to achieve the mentioned objectives is estimated as 8500000.

Impact of Technology on Print Media

Impact of Technology on bring out MediaPrint and electronic media plays an important role in communicating efficaciously as the field has been globalized. The technology use for communication should non be overlooked, because the interchange of info is necessary in current era. Print and electronic media has globalized the world. The news or communication cigargont be done golden from corner to corner just in few seconds.Technology has force the communication in a positive way. In the current world the communication has been distributed between print and electronic media. These two Medias be contend a vital role in communicating between individual(a)s and the family.News, com handst, study and entertainment, argon the complex set of newspaper, and the arrangement of these contents differs from paper to paper. approximately people choose their daily paper to match their specific tastes, and individual newspapers guard developed in antithetical ways to provide for thes e. more changes have taken place over the conclusion, in the newspapers. The newspapers are change with advertisements and have many pages on carrying different news. Today journalism has grow one of the prosperous professions (Oghakpor, 2007). The number of newspapers has go up sharply which has do the communication to its optimum level whilst profits have withal boomed. Development of information and communication technology has made the work of newspaper publication easy and less laborious.To days newspapers have lots of investigative stories/reports. This contributes to bringing in rickety big scandals and scams resulting into f every(prenominal) of a person. Which creates negative influences the society and shows that the technology is not been used for the purpose in the right way, as it has to be used for.Magazines charm to an expanding range of reading flavours and happiness. They are designed for standardized or special interest groups. Regardless of their design for special groups, they developed as a mass medium because they appeal to large numbers in a national market that cut across social, economic and educational class lines (Oghakpor, 2007).The magazines can be categorized into two different categories, familiar interest magazines and special interest magazines. General interest magazines attempt to run to a wide variety of reading interests. Special interest magazines are mainly focused on one thing. For instance, The Women magazine covers all the things close the women while, Muscles magazine covers all the stuff about building the muscles of either men or women.Its close notable function however, is correlation that is, interpreting the society by bringing together diverse facts, trends and sequences of events. According to Kipphan 2001, Magazines in essence, are the great interpreters of what is happening in society. thither are several magazines in the world, which are promulgated internationally as well, so that people can bene fit from them. Or people from the foreign countries order the magazines to remain update, although most of the magazines can be viewed online.According to Hamelink Linn 1994, magazines have been much more visually innovative than newspapers. Their covers blaze from newsstands and market racks, thus attracting the readers attention with colour and cajole of advertisements besides their articles. Magazines are published according to the information gathered, i.e. weekly, fortnightly etc.These are basically news magazines but they include sections on arts, culture, sports, films, business, politics, industry, and environment. There are about 500 such general interest magazines center on news and current affairs, having largest readership.Textbooks, other books, booklets, pamphlets, brochures, folders, periodicals, wall newspapers, publicity and promotional literature also constitute media for mass reading, information and enlightenment, they less extensively used as compared to the newspapers and magazines, are called the best way of effective communication. Books are non-periodical printed publication of at least 49 pages excluding the cover page, published in any country and are made available to public.These are published as weeklies, fortnightlies, quarterlies, annuals or dailies, so magazines do. There are bimonthlies and half family lies also.Electronic communication has become almost an essential part of peoples lives. The net profit has been the catalyst for electronic communication, and rarely in human history has anything risen to such prominence in such a short period of time (Hirst Harrison, 2007). There are without delay many ways to kick the bucket electronically, with, no doubt, more variety to come in the near future. Currently, Televisions, radios, internet, mobile technologies, ipads, e-books, e-magazines etc. are versatile ways to communication technology.Over internet, telecommunicate has had its critics, notably for the brevity of m essages and for the rapidity of reply, which often negates clear thought. But all new things will have critics. Writing to whatsoeverone by formal e-mail and waiting for a result takes days or weeks. delay sometimes just a few minutes for a response by email seemed quite magical in the early days of the internet. Now this is taken for granted. The problem of spam has never been dealt with satisfactorily, but cosmos able to email photographs on the day they were taken to a love one on the other side of the world makes up for some of the negatives.Mobile technology has made a tremendous change in terms of communication. In current years the phone contains the features of 3G internet installation which is called the fastest internet on mobile, through which the communication and sharing experience becomes easier. Facebook, tweeter, internet browsing, Skype, VoIP technologies can be excessed anywhere without any hurdle. Similarly, Ipads and IPods have also made paradigm change in this global world. It facilitates in the self resembling(prenominal) way as smart phones does, although they are bigger in size.Newsgroups and haggle rooms began as early types of social media. Newsgroups rely on peoples bankers bill messages to a relevant group, and members of that group can then comment fastaneously. In recent years, newsgroups have, to a large extent, been replaced by slick social-networking sites such as Facebook, MySpace and Twitter. Chat rooms still have a dubious spirit on the net, because though they can be great places for friends spread more or less the globe to meet up, unwelcome visitors will often use them inappropriately. Standalone depiction conferencing, used for business, has also now been matched by instant-messaging programs.Social media may be seen by many as even more important than email now. Facebook and MySpace have an email facility and instant messaging, and Twitter has a direct-message and instant reply facility. Instant messaging, which is also available from the likes of Yahoo and MSN, is becoming more and more more advanced. Whereas in the early days of Yahoo Messenger you could further money on a phone call to someone overseas, now you can not only talk but look at a live video image of that person at the same time.It might be concluded from this that the communication technology have a great impact on the print media and electronic media. Newspapers, magazines, broachers, newsletters, pamphlets have made the vigorous change in communication. All these have to face different audiences and are mainly the most important technological tools to communicate and fall by the wayside the message. Despite, the electronic media is massively taking place of print media and globalizing this village. Mobile devices, Ipads, Ipods, Television, radios have made the thing accessible within few seconds.

Impact of HIV on Society

adjoin of human immunodeficiency virus on SocietyThe human immunodeficiency computer virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (human immunodeficiency virus/ assist) epidemic is one of the most serious contemporary sexual health related to issue touching the human race today. By the end of 2009, it was approximated that 34 million state were biography with the human immunodeficiency virus virus and deaths related to acquired immune deficiency syndrome were about 1.8 million lot. human immunodeficiency virus/ assist has been the worst pandemic since its unc all overing having claimed over twenty five million detains by 2005 with the Sub- Saharan Africa macrocosm the most affected (Douek, Roederer Koup, 2009). This paper foc enforces on the concussion psychosocial, cultural and frugal of human immunodeficiency virus/AIDS and its related sexual health problems on the single as well as the community. human immunodeficiency virus/AIDS has a abundant allude on the give individuals family unit and the community they live in. The impact is dependent on the mode in which the virus is transmitted among communities (and who it infects), the diagnosing of transmission system, and the community setting in which the individual and family live.IntroductionHuman immunodeficiency virus (human immunodeficiency virus) is a retrovirus that causes acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). Two strains of the virus, human immunodeficiency virus-1 and human immunodeficiency virus-2, capture been described. AIDS is a human ail manpowert in which there is gradual failure of the bodys defence (immune) system thereby leading to horrific and contraband opportunistic infections and cancers (Douek, Roederer Koup, 2009). Infection with HIV occurs with coming in contact with septic body fluids such as line of credit, breast milk, and sexual fluids such as pre-ejaculate, semen and vaginal fluids. The profound modes of transmission atomic procedure 18 unsafe sex with infected person- some(prenominal) heterosexual and homosexual, pollute items such as motivationles and razors, breastfeeding, and infected mothers infecting the newborn during birth. Blood and blood products viewing for HIV has greatly eradicated infections transmission through infected blood and blood products transfusions. HIV eventually progresses to AIDS the individuals mostly succumb to opportunistic infections or malignancies imparting from progressive weakening of the immune system. Different individuals infected with HIV contrive AIDS at different rates depending on the host, viral, and environmental factors some(prenominal) assume to AIDS within ten years but in some it whitethorn be earlier or later. There is no cure for HIV/AIDS treatment involves life- pine use of a combine of anti-retroviral drugs and a cocktail of other drugs to treat any opportunistic infections (Douek, Roederer Koup, 2009).Infection with HIV usually has a big physical, mental, soci al and economic impact on infected individuals, their families as well as the community in which they live. branding by other community members aggravates this impact it hampers the saloon and management of HIV and impedes social support and disclosure of HIV condition. The family units mostly affected by the HIV scourge argon those of low socioeconomic berth, such as drug users, asylum seekers and emigrants. The long- barrier impacts of maintenance with HIV referable to contrivance of better HIV consider and management such as drug cocktail (Highly Active Anti-Retroviral Therapy) hold up to a fault evolved and changed many social aspects such as set uphood, disclosure HIV posture and long term make of the use of elevatedly active antiretroviral therapy on the individual. Another impact of the HIV is depicted in the inequality and diversity individuals breathing with HIV experience when it comes to matters such as securing or sustaining employment and full of life function manage life assurance. Children earn been known to bear the greatest impacts of HIV particularly those orphaned and those infected with HIV. The issuance of orphans has been on steady rise cod to AIDS-related deaths of the guardians and the fact highly active antiretroviral therapy is ensuring infants born with HIV can live with the virus till they prep be adolescence or beyond. All these factors collectively affect the community around them both socially and economically.The Physical, Psychological and Social Impact of HIV on several(prenominal) and FamiliesInfection with HIV/AIDS leads to numerous bodily, mental and social issues that affect the individual and impacts on their families and communities at large. In the contemporary society, the definition of a family shifts from the traditional structure of biologically related members to allow in socially elect relationships, for instance, close friends, partners, and close external family relationships such as homosexual men (Green, 2011). Before the discovery of anti-retroviral drugs, infection with HIV meant death within a short period of time. However, after the invention of highly active antiretroviral therapy over a decade ago, there has been a gradual decline on the number of individuals succumbing to AIDS-related diseases in Australia, Europe and the United States. Currently, families have to deal with HIV infection as a chronic disease to be coped with for the life distich of the infected individuals (Zuniga, Whiteside and Ghaziani, 2008). The requirement to make complex regime of many drugs is the for the first time burden for the HIV-infected individual many uncomplainings suffer anxiety, frustration, depression and hopelessness especially when the drugs do not accomplish or maintain the perceived benefits judge from the treatment regime. This could be delinquent to virus mutation and individual opponent to the drugs (Zuniga, Whiteside and Ghaziani, 2008). It is documente d that even when the treatment is effective, patients have other form uncertainties and distress.The impact of the HIV treatment is further aggravated by other factors such as worry about employment, sexuality, the prospects of relationships, and the social reactions of other community members. HAART has numerous side- make, such as cardiovascular diseases and several of which have psychosocial consequences like lipodystrophy (Zuniga, Whiteside and Ghaziani, 2008). Members of the family may also be burdened by great(p) apprehension to the infected as the disease advances, and they may be distressed by the target often associated with HIV infection.Another impact of HIV is the defacement and discrimination against persons living with HIV/AIDS. Apart from having to endure treatment with severe side- do, they constantly have to cope with rejection and social discrimination. People with HIV/AIDS have to put with being labellight-emitting diode as victims a term that implies defeat, helplessness and dependence upon help from others(Matic, Lazarus Donoghoe, 2006). The forms of daub and discrimination vary geographically. legion(predicate) nations have regulations that control the travel, entry and residence of persons living with HIV/AIDS. By the end of 2010, individuals living with the virus were restricted on long girdle of over three months in sixty countries and eighteen of these even utilize limitations on short term residence (Stutterheim et al, 2009) In healthcare sector, the roughhewn examples of stigma and discrimination experienced are being denied access to facilities and drugs, authorisation HIV testing without individual consent, and breach of confidentiality over the persons status. In the workplace, stigma from employers and fellow workers include social isolation and mockery, or experience prepossess practices, such as dismissal or denial of employment (Stutterheim et al, 2009). Others instances include denial of entry into a country, for ced eviction from residence by their families and rejection by colleagues and friends.Stigma and discrimination associated with HIV/AIDS greatly hinders efforts to successfully battle the HIV and AIDS pandemic. This fear of discrimination frequently averts individuals from quest treatment and management of AIDS or from publicly disclosing their HIV status. On numerous occasions, the stigma associated with HIV/AIDS can extend to the family and siblings of the infected individual, creating an emotional burden on those left behind. HIV/AIDS-related stigma modifies over time as infection levels, understanding of the disease and treatment availability vary. For instance, in the Netherlands, the community response to persons with HIV/AIDS is quite absolute understanding of HAART was linked to perception of lower risk, with a positivistic attitude towards gay people, less fear, and a greater readiness to have personal contact with people with HIV/AIDS. However, in Eastern Europe, discr imination may be more severe, particularly of specific groups, such as gays (Stutterheim et al, 2009).Economic Impact of HIVHIV/AIDS has had the greatest electronegative effect on the economies of many countries all over the dry land. The pandemic has been lay waste to for many nations where it has caused deep poverty both to the individual, families and community. The magnitude of economic and demographic impact of HIV/AIDS infection in third world countries is pronounced due to the fact that it affects persons in the most economically equal and productive age. Besides, it is also weighing good deal on the economic and health gains made in the last few decades. People with HIV/AIDS create a profound burden for public finances, especially in the sector of health. In a number of Caribbean countries, HIV/AIDS patients take up as many as a quarter of active hospital beds (Green, 2011). The sub-Saharan Africa is the most affected with southern Africa leading with the effects of the virus. The World Bank approximation shows that gross domestic product (GDP) of federation Africa reduced by twenty portion in 2010 due to the effects of the deadly virus (Salinas Haacker, 2006). Many other countries are using huge portion of their economic resources in providing treatment and care for people with HIV/AIDS. A research carried out by the University of the West Indies shows that the GDP of countries such as Trinidad and Tobago will record by over five share and that of Jamaica by 6.4 percent as a result of HIV/AIDS. The economic impact is poverty, a reduction in investments and savings, and rise of unemployment in vital industries such as agriculture and manufacturing (Salinas Haacker, 2006).The economic impact of HIV is greatly felt by the individual and their families. HIV/AIDS in many cases results in loss of income of the breadwinners and increase in expenditures as a result of caring for the infected. Families affected by HIV deplete their savings and asset s in order to cope with increased expenditure and income shocks. Firm profits, savings and investments may reduce due to increase AIDS-related expenditure and lower labour productivity (Whiteside, 2008). According to ILO estimates, close to thirty seven million persons worldwide who are engaged in productive economic activities are HIV-positive. The mortality of these adults leaves the children as orphans and in cases where they were the sole bread winners the children are left destitute (Green, 2011).Impact of HIV on Parenthood and ChildrenThe development of HAARTs has had an impact on motherhood imagening among people living with HIV. In the pre-HAART era, HIV-positive women were faced with their HIV status and the expected bleak outcome of death. The number AIDS-related deaths, however, has drastically gone down in women living with AIDS due to HAART they now live longer healthier lives. Among the women in the reproductive age who are living with HIV, the decision about pregna ncy is becoming an important one this due to reduction of the risk of vertical transmission of the virus to the newborn (Noroski, 2009). Gains in prevention of mother to child transmission have led to ontogenesis of new dimensions in the way communities view parenthood. Parenthood in HIV infected people is still eliciting many physical and social effects especially due to stigma and discrimination associated with the virus. Noroski (2009) outlines that engrosss that might determine parenting decisions among people living with AIDS are the aspiration for parenthood, religious beliefs, children one had before, the mark of spouse and health care providers, and apparent spouse capacity to parent successfully.HIV/AIDS has greatly changed parenthood. Research findings shows that close to seventy percent of all HIV infected parents regarded their family planning to be over, since they did not plan bear any more children, sixteen percent were undecided, while 14 percent had an explicit longing to have more children (Wacharasan and Homchampa, 2008). Children who are infected with HIV either during birth or later through breast milk now have a chance to survive up to adolescence owing to better treatment regimes. This means that more adolescents increasingly have to cope with the virus. Children living with HIV/AIDS have a high risk of death from opportunistic infections. The virus affects the children psychologically and leads to neurological outrage as a result they have pronounced cognitive want or diminished cognitive abilities, have behavioural difficulties, and have a general low quality life. Children living with HIV may also experience challenges in leading a normal life due to the medication they must use regularly as well as problems that result from disclosure of their HIV status (Noroski, 2009). The other main impacts of HIV on motherhood are ethical concerns about the possible riskiness of spreading the virus to the newborn, the socioeconomic impact, concerns and stigma associated with bringing up a child by a parent who has a potentially fatal disease.The HIV/AIDS pandemic has greatly contributed to increase in the number of orphans universally. In Africa alone, there are over twelve million children orphaned by AIDS pandemic. The children are left destitute at generation the elder adolescents have to take up the parenting roles while studyity are taken care of by their extended family members or foster parents. This long term care causes economic difficulties as financial resources are strained. The children get down fully deprived of the care, guidance and protection of their parents and social problems begin to wander up. The children find themselves prematurely out of school. Statistics show that many of these children have to drop their education due to lack of resources, stigma and discrimination or barely to take up the role of premature parenting resulting from death of their parents. These effects are more pronou nced especially after death of both parents. HIV/AIDS in the long term leads to numerous social impacts on the community such increase in crime rates, poverty, drug abuse, illiteracy, reduced productivity and eventual collapse of social system.Impact of HIV on Caregivers and wellnesscare SectorThe major burden of caring for the people living with AIDS rests with the family and the health care providers. In the era before anti retroviral therapy, this used to be an immensely stressing task because most of times the health of the infected patients deteriorated rapidly, they were bedridden and has to be taken care of. The advent of HAART has greatly improved the imply for round the clock help since the patient can now lead a healthier life without need for frequently help. Important care givers are mainly the family, close friends and health workers.The major impact of HIV on the caregivers is stigma usually referred to as secondary stigma or stigma by association. Parents of people living with HIV may be held responsible for the immoral behaviour that led to infection of their children with HIV. Wacharasan and Homchampa (2008) cut throughed stigmatization as a primary concern for the caregivers. Rather than face stigmatization, caregivers may try to conceal their care giving activities by withdrawing from social relationships. In clinical practice, family caregivers may exacerbate demands of care giving by driving long distances to avoid community cognisance of their care recipients HIV status. Some informal caregivers even avoid employing the maestro home services of home health care, infusion therapy hospice, and hospice providers to avoid HIV/AIDS disclosure in their communities. Nurses working with informal caregivers frightening of status disclosure must be sensitive to the familys caregivers fear of discrimination and stigma (Wight et al, 2006). Nurses, knowledgeable of HIV friendly referral agencies with well established histories of providing confi dential services can play a role in meeting the need for professional home-centred services and bringing solace to an informal caregiver fearful of HIV stigmatization.Caregivers of HIV-infected children also face stigma. Thampanichawat (2008) found primary caregivers of children with HIV infection dealt with the stigma of AIDS while managing their anxiety and fear of loss. Bore much burden of care and faced many difficulties because of limited resources. Similar studies report increased financial difficulties, problems in child care and support and compromised help-seeking due to stigma. These findings emphasize the need to develop interventions to enable caregivers to seek out and invest financial resources and child care to support and empower caregivers to deal with stigma. Health care providers also may fears stigmatization in their work with HIV-positive patients. Caregivers, both formal and informal, commonly experience stigma from their association with HIV/acquired immune d eficiency syndrome and people living with it. This stigma may influence their willingness to work with those with HIV/AIDS or make their work more difficult.ConclusionAnnually, crossways Australia and the world, many individuals get infected with HIV thousands living with HIV develop AIDS. The impact of contracting and living with this virus hugely challenging and depends on the society the infected person lives in. The impact may determine the potence of the management program, adherence to the treatment regimen and prevention of new infections. The major challenges are to encourage HIV testing for the risk groups, encourage status disclosure, availing a timely and effective management and care to all people living with HIV/AIDS, to endeavour in developing contemporary prevention methods that consider the variable patterns of the pandemic, and to eradicate the economic, physical and psychosocial impacts of HIV infection. Policies should incorporate the ineluctably of individuals , families and the community in order to effectively address the impact of HIV on various sectors.

Differences Between E Commerce And E Business Information Technology Essay

Differences surrounded by E Commerce And E c be Information Technology shewElectronic commerce, commonly known as e-commerce or eCommerce, consists of the tainting and exchange of crops or services over electronic systems a good deal(prenominal) as the earnings and different computer networks. The amount of trade conducted electronic onlyy has grown extraordinarily with wide air meshing usage. The use of commerce is conducted in this agency, spurring and plan on innovations in electronic funds transfer, supply chain management, internet securities patienceing, online proceeding motioning, electronic data interchange (EDI), record management systems, and automate data collection systems. Modern electronic commerce typically uses the existence broad(a) Web at least at some period of cartridge holder in the transactions lifecycle, although it posterior encompass a wider range of technologies much(prenominal) as e-mail as well.A large percentage of electronic c ommerce is conducted entirely electronically for virtual items such(prenominal) as admission fee to premium content on a website, scarcely most electronic commerce involves the transportation of physical items in some way. Online retailers atomic number 18 sometimes known as e-tailers and online retail is sometimes known as e-tail. some all big retailers stand electronic commerce presence on the World Wide Web.Electronic commerce that is conducted amongst line of descentes is referred to as concern-to-business or B2B. B2B burn be open to all interested parties (e.g. commodity exchange) or limited to specific, pre-qualified participants (private electronic grocery store). Electronic commerce that is conducted mingled with businesses and consumers, on the other hand, is referred to as business-to-consumer or B2C. This is the type of electronic commerce conducted by companies such as Amazon.com. Online shopping is a form of electronic commerce where the purchaser is direc tly online to the sellers computer usually via the internet. There is no intermediary service. The trade and purchase transaction is completed electronically and interactively in real-time such as Amazon.com for refreshful books. If an intermediary is present, then the sale and purchase transaction is called electronic commerce such as eBay.com.Electronic commerce is principally considered to be the sales aspect of e-business. It also consists of the exchange of data to drive the financing and payment aspects of the business transactions.TechEncyclopediaElectronic-commerce means merchandising produces online via the Web. Also called e-business, e-tailing and I-commerce. Although in most cases e-commerce and e-business are synonymous, e-commerce implies that goods send away be purchased online, whereas e-business might be use as an umbrella term for a total presence on the Web, which would include the e-commerce shopping comp unitarynt.E-commerce may also refer to electronic d ata interchange (EDI), in which whizz companys computer queries the inventory and transmits purchase orders to another(prenominal) companys computer.Investopedia Financial DictionaryElectronic Commerce ecommerce is a type of business model, or segment of a larger business model, that enables a tauten or individualto conduct business over an electronic network, typically the internet. Electronic commerce operates in all four of the major merchandise segments business to business, business to consumer, consumer to consumer and consumer to business.Also sometimes written as e-commerce or eCommerce.Columbia EncyclopediaE-commerce conducted over the meshing, most often via the World Wide Web. E-commerce can apply to purchases made through the Web or to business-to-business activities such as inventory transfers. A guest can order items from a vendors Web site, paying with a credit card (the customer enters answer for cultivation via the computer) or with a previously established cybercash account. The transaction development is transmitted (usually by modem) to a financial institution for payment headroom and to the vendor for order fulfillment. Personal and account cultivation is kept occult through the use of secured transactions that use encryption technology jolt of e-commerceStudies in the developed economies bring shown that e-commerce allow for eventually micturate a far-reaching effect on the founding deliverance because it pull up stakes revolutionize the way businesses and consumers conduct their business transactions. whatsoever have argued that e-commerce leave deepen disintermediation process as producers can sell direct to consumers. For example, Christensen and Tedlow published in Harvard Business Review (January-February 2000) suggest that e-commerce bequeath change the structure of retailing in the US in favour of fewer number of traditional intermediaries.The wide-spread encroachment of e-commerce is due to lower transaction c osts. Using the transaction costs theory, studies have shown that e-commerce result reduce transaction costs of firms and hence utmost product prices.According to the transaction costs theory, price of a product has triad elements production costs, coordination costs, and profit margin. As firms honor better ways to form their activities through electronic channels, their transaction costs leave behind fall.As the attention better manages real time information based on e-commerce, firms can also improve their inventory management and thus reduce inventory costs.Reduced transaction costs benefit both consumer and producer. While consumers allow gain access to a broad-based selection of lower priced goods, producers are seeming to see heights demand for their products.Furthermore, in the Internet age, people and firms will be connected with highly capable interactive capacity. Through the information highway, consumers will have redundant market choices, and firms will hav e approximately unrestricted market access. This rears opportunities as well as poses threats to businesses.The impact of e-commerce can be traced at the industry and consumer levels. It can also be traced at the macro thrift level. It is however important to note that the full impact of e-commerce on an economy depends on several factors such as the rate at which the economy (i.e. firms and the population) adopts e-commerce. This in turn is determined by other factors such as the cost of computers and software, computer and telephone penetration rates, security, manpower, and tele dialogue infrastructure.At the industry level, e-commerce will result in some rationalization of activities. Firms will contain to undertake investment in an appropriate computer system to apparatus e-commerce. They will undertake mod activities which are familiarity-intensive.Through the adoption of e-commerce, firms will demand for a new kind of workforce, particularly those with a high level of computer literacy. This new demand will have an nimble and far-reaching implication on the provision of training in the country.Firms will be pre-occupied with technology selection and investment. This task is quite demanding, particularly when the telecommunications and computer technologies are changing at a rapid pace. To keep up with moderne technologies, firms cannot ignore continuous investment in human resource.E-commerce will still shorten product cycles of the industry. Through e-commerce, firms will have fast knowledge of what customers want. Firms can use this knowledge to guide the development of their product lines and to appoint new growth sports stadiums at their earlier stages. With customer information in hand, firms can promote both up-selling and cross-selling.It is expected that e-commerce will also encourage small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMIs) to gain greater market reach for their products and services. In fact, e-commerce can be an efficient and economical way for many SMIs to enter an export market.E-commerce offers consumers a wide range of new opportunities to do direct shopping and banking exploitation the convenience of a home computer or other communication devices. Consumers will also benefit in terms of lower final prices due to lower transaction costs as described in a higher place. spirit ahead, e-commerce will lead to some fundamental changes in the way firms bear upon to consumers and the way firms compete with each other. This is because, through e-commerce consumers will have a wider and direct access to producers of goods and services without intermediaries. With a wider choice of products and services offered to them, they can cast their preferences by describing what they want. In this environment, e-commerce will hasten the shift of market power of consumers, from a product taker to a product maker. As a result, this process will lead to greater competition among firms to protect their market share.For the economy as a whole, e-commerce will result in higher investment by the Government, firms and consumers. Coupled with higher investment in IT, e-commerce will result in higher strength and productivity of the economy. In this light, e-commerce will contri preciselye to higher total factor productivity of the Malaysian economy which is needed to sustain economic growth in the long term.E-commerce will create new activities and a variety of new industries which utilize IT. This will lead to the creation of new job opportunities. The increased investment mentioned above and the emergence of new IT-based industries will lead to a higher level of economic activity to support economic expansion and growth.Following the simplification in the transaction costs, e-commerce will also improve the level of efficiency and productivity in the economy. Industries will re-organize their activities to conform with the emergence of a new industrial structure of the country.Definitions and diffe rences of e-commerce and e-businessE-commerce describes the process of buying, selling, transferring or exchanging products, services or information via computer networks, including the Internet.E-business is somewhat broader concept. In addition to the buying and selling of goods and services, e-business also refers to servicing customers, collaborating with business partners and performing electronic transactions within an placement.In my opinion, the differences between two of them are not obvious. E-commerce refers to all transactions of business that being made through Internet. It involved money transaction between arrangings and customers in a buying and selling process development the Internet.Meanwhile, e-business refers to all of type of businesses entity such as company, enterprise and others which are doing business using the Internet. Business entity use the Internet and other electronic network in all of their operations and daily processes involved.E-business becom ing e-commerce when a transaction happens between two organizations. There is no e-commerce without e-business and e-business need e-commerce to survive.Issues, problems and threats in e-commerce and e-businessIn e-commerce, it is heavy to apply fair play that usually do in physical world. many an(prenominal) cyber crimes made cannot be sightlyified in court because of lacking the law itself, geographic factors that separate different countries with different laws, and others. People are free to do whatever they like in the Internet including pornography and drugs selling without even caught or sued just because the physical law cannot be utilize in Internet.Besides that, there are many frauds that we can fall out in e-commerce. Sometimes the company is not even exist but still it offer something to sell and people knowd after a transaction was made, the product is still do not reach to them. Some business offer product that cost you price that unacceptable high compare to o thers even if the quality and features are same. Frauds can happen in many ways especially when it involving cyber product.In Internet, there is too much information that hard for us to filter and absorb. An information overload is one of the problems that e-commerce face present tense. People find it difficult when it has too many websites that offer same product even they have right to choose but it also take time to filter all the related websites.In addition, certain areas do not have Internet coverage so e-commerce cannot reach the people in there. This happen due to certain geographical factors like people live in the mountains, desert, rural areas and others. They must(prenominal) go to nearest city to get Internet coverage and this is difficult to done if it will cost them effort, time and money to do that.Threats in e-commerce must be tackled seriously because in Internet, people can do anything without having business concern to be caught or sued. Such threats like huma n trafficking, drugs selling firearms smuggle, kid pornography and others are serious crime in physical world. as yet there are happening and still growing due to Internet usage in e-commerce and this is why we cannot let it done freely without reflection and law practice on the threats.Opportunities, advantages and benefits in e-commerce and e-businessThe importance of both is to cinch up with globalization that require IT as medium to doing business as the world has no border anymore with the Internet application. People nowadays are connecting with each other around the world easier than decades ago with Internet and other electronic networks. The world has no boundaries anymore and it offer real much opportunities to businesses around the world to develop.The benefits that we can get is we can have as many customer as we can if we are the organization that doing business using Internet. People all around the world are using Internet as their new medium of shopping and inqu isitory for something new. Companies took advantages on it and try hard to sell their products and services although there are companies that fail to achieve their target on e-commerce.Besides that, consumers now have bigger power to choose products. They can easily online and choose their favorite(a) products from different companies which usually undone in physical world. We usually find it difficult to choose from one product to another or from one company to another, but Internet make it simpler and easier for customers so they dont even go to shop by shop to buy what they like. They just click.The advantage of e-commerce and e-business to organization is we can make the transactions easier between customers and our organization by simply clicking the computer and do it online. We can also buy certain product that is difficult to find in certain area such as Kashmir fabrics in East Asia or a product that doesnt offered in physical world such as e-book. In addition, the transact ions done become faster and require no attending to the outlet itself by customers. People who using Internet to shop realize that it become useful to them as the Internet is free, and you can shop at anytime, anywhere and at any situation,The opportunity of both is we can spread our business and market worldwide to increase profit and maximum the knowledge of customers about our company/ organization/ business. Many ordinary people or small business makes huge profit in e-commerce such as the founder of Amazon.com. New medium of marketing is created and organizations all around the world are taking advantages in e-commerce and e-business. Whether they set up a new business or upgrading the existing one, they are all realize that this is the time to grab big opportunity to gain high profit including customer satisfaction.

Kite Runner :: Literary Analysis, Khaled Hosseini

Silence is like pushing the off button on bearing (Hosseini 361). In the novel Kite ball carrier, by Khaled Hosseini, amir is an exceptional mystify as to how ignoring livelihood can later cause a inappropriate conclusion. The event of his friend, and later revealed half brother, being raped affected his life towards the end of the story. Throughout the novel, numerous differences come up like customs, cursory objects, and punishments that are not the same as the fall in States. This book gives a verbal view point as to how the two diverse locations (the United States and Afghanistan) are not even close to being similar at any point in their residents lives. Kite Runner gives the privileged citizens of the United States situations that some might not even take on accep table living environments and conditions. Customs serve as a noteworthy stand out as to why Afghanistan and the States are not on the same page in many instances. For example, Afghanistan pe rmits men the remedy to more than than one wife because Babas second cousin, Homayoun, family consisted of two wives (82). Americas men are only supposed to be marital to one women or else it is considered polygamy. If any American man was married to more than one woman at the time then it would be unacceptable and the punishment would most likely be jail. In the story Amir describes the traditional family dinner he has that consists of eating on the floor trance sharing the meal on a common platter in groups (85).However, most Americans eat dinner with their family at a dinning room table and have their own individual plates of food. A life changing atomic number 42 for Amir was when he asked his father to ask General Taheri for his daughters hand in marriage (161). Usually in America the fathers do not have to agree upon the marriage for it to even take place. In other words, Amir would have asked General Taheri himself or he would not have cared about the fathers opinion and just went straight to popping the brain to Soraya, General Taheris daughter. Customs are what make everyone distinct from to each one other but it can also cause a diversity if they are to unrelated and insulting to one another. The fact that the two places weigh unconstructively of each other is made apparent in various snippets of the novel.

Million Dollar Baby Essay examples -- Movie Film Movies Essays

gazillion Dollar Baby gazillion Dollar Baby, Clint Eastwoods latest movie as a film director has been getting more and more positive reviews recently and it is even offend than Mystic River. At first glance, the film looks like another boxing-movie clich. However, Eastwood has succeeded in creating a compelling and moving story roughly the intricate universe of discourse of human relationships, the price of success and the realization of dreams. The movie explores many different surmount matters. Million Dollar Baby is about(predicate) friendship and respect. It is about love and it is about dreams.The main theme of the movie is the boxing life story of Maggie Fitzgerald (played by Hilary Swank) - a 30-year old waitress who lives al angiotensin-converting enzyme and b atomic number 18ly gets by. However, she is strongly determined to become a professional boxer and this is why she seeks the supporter of Frankie Dunn (played by Clint Eastwood), a boxing trainer and an owne r of a gym. Initially, Frankie is un leading to train her because she is female and withal old to have any lay on the line of achieving significant accomplishments in professional boxing. However, Frankies friend and associate Eddie Dupris (played by Morgan Freeman), really believes in Maggie and lets her train in a corner of the gym. As time passes, Maggies persistence and Eddies pushiness finally metamorphose Frankies mind. This is when the true story begins. Maggies determination and strong will to fulfill her dream, combined with Frankies excellent training skills launch two of them into the professional boxing orbit where they gloriously win battle after battle.Although the story seems like a big clich, in truth, the world of Million Dollar Baby involves much more than boxing and success. Clint Eastwood treats such subject matters as love, f... ...she is happy. In general, all the actors in the movie make the audition feel what they are feeling and this is essential for the movie as the plot of ground is deeply emotionally charged.As reviewer Sean OConnell notes in his column at Filmcritic.com, Million Dollar Baby was expected to be a half-baked, rushed-into-awards-season castoff by a respected filmmaker still basking in the burn off of his last well-received piece. Fortuitously, the movie has turned out to be one of the best motion pictures of the year. Once again Clint Eastwood surprises us all with his kick the bucket as a film director. He gives the audience a pretend to consider life from another viewpoint. The movie makes one think about what he or she has achieved in life and Maggie shows us that it is never too late to have a dream fulfilled. After all, this is why we are actually born and live to fulfill our dreams.

Technological Advancement in Faust, Accident, Life of Galileo, Oppenheimer, and The Physicists :: Faust Essays

The Cost of Technological Advancement Exposed in Faust, Accident, Life of Galileo, Oppenheimer, and The Physicists Since the beginning of time, man has taken every(prenominal) step executable to advance technology. Advancements in medicine, aviation, science, and other areas, draw do our world a better place to live. But there have also been technological developments that perhaps have hurt mankind far vaster than both benefit that they have provided. Through their works, five German authors display readers with a very difficult header Is the technology really deserving it? These authors present many common themes. In this essay I will debate these themes and how they relate to the social cost of advancing technology. The first play that I read this past semester was Goethes Faust. This play is centered around the deportment of the scientist and doctor, Faust. Faust is a very intelligent man who has excelled in life as a scientist and a doctor. Though everyone looks up to him and thinks he is a majuscule man, he still thinks that he does not fare enough. He believes that every bit of knowledge that there is to be attained must be attained. This belief coupled with the unhappiness he possesses with life leads him to make the last-ditch decision which, in turn, ruins both his life and the life of others, all because he was selfish, and wanted to know it all and couldnt do it on his own. Faust made a bet with Mephistopheles, the devil. This bargaining with the devil is something that the mind should never know about. Two people ended up dying because of the involvement Faust contend in their lives because of this little bet that he made with Mephisto. And the only question that can be asked is was it really worth watching others die merely so he could be happy? And the answer is no. He saw the woman he loved and her brother die onward him because of his selfishness, his desire to milk life and knowledge for all that they were worth. And what d id Faust gain? In my opinion, nothing. He only lost. Some things in the world are worth knowing. Some things are even worth going to extremely great ordeals to know them. But in Fausts case, he was childish, immature, and selfish. He became so depressed and had to know more, even though most people would have killed to be as fortunate as he was.

Choosing the Humane Road Essay -- Philosophy Afghanistan Essays

Choosing the Humane RoadSophocles, piece of music in the 5th century BC, created his shapes as he experienced both the Persian and Peloponnesian Wars. These wars were focused around pride and greed, 2 vices that continue to drive violence in the 21st century. In Sophocles work Oedipus the King, Oedipus mustiness come to new understanding of the self in relative to others to truly see himself and to understand the population. The lesson that Oedipus must learn is a lesson that yearns to be acknowledged and embraced still today. Like the Persians, Spartans, and Athens, the United States must, if it wants to be successful as a nation and world power, consider the other as the self. Americans must believe in the oneness of humanity, and they must appreciate the connection that makes everyone in the human race part of a common family. Until the United States views the world in this fashion, it leave alone continue to engage in self-destruction convertible to that of Oedipus and of those engaged in war in Sophocles time. To fully understand the comparisons that will follow, it is first necessary to understand the history of the Persian and Peloponnesian Wars, as well as the history of the United States engagement in war. The Persian Wars took place from about 499-479 BC these battles were fought between the Greeks and the Persians, who lived in the area of the newfangled day Iran. After numerous battles and minor victories, the Athenians were ultimately successful in defeating the Persians with the help of the Spartans. Following this war, the Athenians and the Spartans became friends because together they had successfully defeated the Persians. In 431 BC, however, the Athenians violate their peace treaty with the Spartans, and, as a result, a civil wa... ... place the U.S. at another critical crossroads in its history, but galore(postnominal) Americans seem to be blind, like Oedipus, to the choices and consequences that lie before them. Until Americans view the sheepskin coat people and all people around the world as bear upon to themselves, the inevitable consequences, discord, violence, and war, will continue. Works CitedCNN. Jere Van Dyk A Historical stance of the Fight Over Afghanistan. CNN Online 25 Sept. 2001. 14 Nov. 2001. <http//www.cnn.com/2001/COMMUNITY/09/25/van_dyk/index.html.Rosenblum, Mort, U.S. in one case Backed Freedom Fighter bin Laden. The Times Agrus Online 20 Sept. 2001. 23 Nov. 2001 <http//timesargus.nybor.com/Archieve/ Articles/ Article/34086.Dawoud, Khaled, American Connection. Al-Ahram Weekly Online 27 Aug. 1998. 23Nov. 2001 <http//www.ahram.org.eg/weekly/1998/392/foc11.htm.

Workplace Observation Essay -- essays research papers

My paper willing talk about the intercourse in our department and community wide. The conterminous topic my paper will talk about is agriculture that exists in our organization for safety in the body of work and home. Then we will move into a process that our company down which address conflict in the piece of work. Fin whollyy, the technology enhancements that we have changed to break our process, address customers concerns, and automation of some of our service we offer to our customers, which include our clip reading department.CommunicationPECO Energy offers various types of chat in our organization. The types of discourse can range from emails to voice mails depending on the type of cultivation communicated to the timeliness of the selective learning. We have company wide monthly meeting in which elderly management communicate to the employees, what went well, what are the opportunities that exist and fin wholey and pertinent information that would relate to co mpany goals and objectives in each area. In our department we have setup a communication specialist. The role of the specialist is to be the contact between the Call Center and the other departments in our organization who deprivation to communicate information to our employees. The specialist also transforms the information to a much clear, concise tool in which our employees can understand and utilize in the daily assignment or functions. The information for our employees can be communicated in several ways A banner, which roles across the bottom of their computer screen, next is through a written bulletin which is number for identification, topic and what the heading of the bulletin. We have several other methods that we utilize either daily or monthly. These methods are our newsletter, team meetings, tailgate meetings, which are held at the beginning of our employees shift, and all hands meeting which we discuss diversity, safety and any other topics that are on the agenda . Voice mail is another avenue of communication utilise company wide to pass along information. The last type of communication would be our intranet site for our employees and our Internet site, (www.exeloncorp.com) for our customers. Both sites contain pertinent information to either assist our employees with information on HR issues, processes and procedures and other types of information and our customers site address our services we... ...eading can now go through a wireless system to obtain daily readings.SummaryIn review, the information and processes we have in place to communicate with our employees, we are able to deliver the information in a timely, effective and efficient manner. Our culture for safety not only foc spends on safety in the workplace but also focus on safety in the home. This offers proctor that we must not only remain focus in the workplace but we also must remain focus outside the workplace. In order to keep safety as a top antecedency we offer fire drills, emergency preparedness and the STAR principle for our employees to honour safety at all quantify. PECO Solve is the method in which we use to address our conflict in the workplace. In observing the various times this process has been utilize it seems to work well for the employee and the company in which it expire the employee options to remember they company fosters an open door policy to address all issues with no retaliation to the employee. The technology in our company has moved from the manual of arms and dark ages to a modern way of processing information across the board. Work that was previously done manually can now be performed online.