Reflexive managers are required for contemporary organizations Essay

Reflexive managers are required for contemporary organizations. Discuss using examples - Essay ExampleConsequently, it can be affirmed that without proper strategies, companies will not able to add-on a sustainable position in the market. In this regard, it is important that companies devise their objectives and strategies parallel to one other in an effective and efficient manner further enhancing the prospect for gaining utmost level of success. However, it will as well be important to mention that proper execution of the strategies is also deemed to be sort of vital in order to attain the benefits for the overall stemma. Contextually, the purpose of managers or management comes into being. Managers provide the ultimate guidance to the full business from which it can move to the positive direction and yield beneficial results for the entire business. However, executing the plans of the business needs proper support from the various resources of the corporation which primaril y include the human resources as well. comme il faut guidance to the human resources requires appropriate and innovative style of leadership from the managers (Nieuwenhuizen, 2007). Contextually, it is believed that reflexive style of leadership is quite vital as it is effective and efficient in the domain of influencing employees towards their work. In order to get a proper understanding in in this regard, the paper will provide a thorough give-and-take regarding whether reflexive managers are required in the contemporary organisations with the assistance of examples.Notably, the scenario of business activities has altered by a considerable extent in recent years owing to which companies have the need to develop respective(a) range of strategies so that they could be able to gain utmost level of efficacy and competitiveness in their operations. However, it is important to execute the plans of the business effectively in order to ensure maximum benefits from the strategies devise d by the business. Contextually, the role of human resources of the business becomes quite significant

Linguistic relativity theory Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

lingual relativity theory - Essay ExampleThe Sapir-Whorf hypothesis is it still applicable in the face of afoot(predicate) linguistic theory What does it mean in present thinking is it outmoded, or due for a revival Thinking-for-speaking and the Slobin idea. Do babies think before they speak, or does speaking encourage thinking The Hopi universe and the physics universe. Conception, reference and ways of describing things. The Dress of Thought, and seeing things though language.The essential components of the linguistic relativism theory are that polar languages net their users with different views of the institution. Pablo Neruda, the great Spanish-language poet, pointed out that his poems did not translate well into other European languages, such as English and French, with a common Latin root. Much is lost in translation, and it seems to be much more than than the simple meaning of each(prenominal) word. Other advances in linguistic relativism, such as the Thinking-for- Speaking theory, also think that language is a necessary component in worldviews and societal features. If human beingsThen how can each society relate to each other, and is common understanding even possible in a world where different communities view the same entity in different ways By looking at the Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis, followed by Slobin and others theories of Thinking-for-Speaking, before going on to examine one nations view of the universe which has returned to favor through the scientific community, and then by considering whether there is any way of conceptualizing entities except through language, this essay hopes to answer the school principal of whether People who speak different languages perceive and think aboutThe world quite differently (Chandler)The Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis is understood to describe the relationship between the language of the verbaliser, and the way in which that speaker understands the world, and reacts to it. While incomplete Sapir nor Whor f ever claimed that their ideas were a hypothesis, this is how this theory of linguistic relativism is generally known today. This may be a compound blessing, however, as the Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis can be divided into two different theories, one hard SW the other Mild SW. Chandler sees the causality hypothesis as that being used by Marshall McLuhan in his diatribes against the mediaThe technological determinism of his stance can be seen asAn application of Extreme Whorfianism (Chandler)A milder reading of the SW hypothesis instead places ferocity upon the potential for society and language to be intermixed. Language is less of a cage in which the social being sits, and more of a two-way street, with language influencing society to the same extent that society influences language. evening this, however, still emphasizes the idea that society plus language equals a fixed worldview. Sapir even analyzed the different ways in which a persons speech is affected by their social surroun dings (In Speech as a Personality Trait 1927). Generally, the more moderate version of the SW Hypothesis has become legitimate in one form or another by most modern linguists. The most prevalent translation of the hypothesis is provided by the Thinking for Speaking theory coined by Slobin, which seem to suggest that speakers throw off to think about their language before they are able to convert that into speech. This also means that the speaker must have learned how to think in

Venezuelan Economiocal Situation Research Paper

Venezuelan Economiocal Situation - Research Paper ExampleHis leading has been heavily protested ever since that time. The economic crisis in the country is exhibited by several problems that the country experiences. These problems are sustenance shortages, lighting and communication problem, insecurity, political prisoners, government expropriations, poor US Venezuelan relationship and inflation and disconsolate market dominance.It is elevatedly ironical that a rich country such as Venezuelan has no fare. The daily battle of the country in search of nourishment is not new but it is get worse especially with the presence of the rainy season. The country retailers have to battle flooded avenues, upturned manhole lids and well-grounded traffic jams in its quest for milk, oil, and sugar. Many of the locals in the country have a problem getting access to healthy food, not that they lack sufficient cash to afford them but the scarcity of the food makes them lack. This factor cause s the little available food presented in the market to retail at extremely high prices leaving the low-income households at a disadvantage since they cannot afford. The locals of the country are forced to queue for long hours in a bid to purchase some of the low quality rice that is present in the country. The expense of many hours in the queues just to buy food wastes plenty of time and many people pick out substituting the consumption of rice with manioc regardless of their quality. Venezuela used to produce high quality rice and excellent coffee but it stopped. The lack of the countrys staple food, rice, in the shelves explains the extent of food shortage in the country (Lopez).The government of Venezuela nationalized the lighting and communication sectors. They are no private firms in the sectors. The government departments monopolize the lighting and communication sectors to the extent that exploit the countrys citizen. Since the government does not get

Is Assuming the Role of Citizen Journalist Worth the Risk Essay

Is presumptuous the Role of Citizen Journalist Worth the Risk - Essay ExampleThis facility of communicating information on various events has been made possible for the raft, by the Internet. Before the invention of the internet, professional reporters used to be the provided ones reporting information on current events. But the Internet and other forms of media, has allowed regular citizens to do the same. (Tony Rogers).Citizen journalism, as far as blogging and writing different articles is concerned, does not await to hurt anyone and only portrays the freedom of lecture that has been granted to the people. But making videos of incidents such as a fire or a gondola crash can be pretty dangerous. Some people involved in such accidents seem more concerned with recording the event in any way than to get to safety or helping other to reach a safe point. For example, such an event took place when there was both(prenominal) problem with an airplane and an emergency landing had to b e done. A passenger on the airplane named Eddie Ho was caught taking pictures and making a video of the emergency evacuation being done by the drome authorities. His actions did not please the authorities at all, and he was reprimanded by the chairman of the National Transportation preventive Board, that his job was to get out of the plane safely and help others in evacuating as quickly as possible. During such events, amateur reporting or making videos is not praised but criticized. At the same time, when the investigators admit the pictures taken by Eddie, saying that they could be valuable during the inquiry, they also stated that even pausing for a molybdenum during such situations can be detrimental for the person himself and the other people. They recommend that the wisest thing to do is for the people to get to safety and not worry about taking pictures or videos, which efficacy or might not be helpful.

Boeing negotiation with labor unions Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Boeing negotiation with labor unions - Essay ExampleThis paper seeks to try out the construct of power disparity in negotiation, within the context of Boeing versus the machinists labor union, in the latters recent project of building the Boeing 777X plane.In November of 2013, Boeing made an announcement that the company was launching an expansion project, which was to inculpate construction of its newest line of 777X planes. Being located in Puget Sound, upper-case letter, the States legislature accorded Boeing the biggest tax aid ever allotted to a company not just in the state, but also nationally. Washington State gave Boeing the grant with the primary intention of making sure that the company did not transfer its operations to another state. The company then offered its workers a deal, which infallible them to accept reduced retirement benefits, take almost half a dozenteen years before reaching the maximum wage level, as opposed to the usual six year period and adopt a c ontribution savings structure instead of the retirement pension. Boeing required the International Association of Machinists (IAM), which represents machinists, to convince its members to accept this offer or they would not be involved in making the 777X planes, since operations would be shifted to another state with more favorable terms. The machinists union first move down Boeings offer and the company consequently began seeking out other states that would be instinctive to offer more public money, while accepting its offer. At least twenty states responded to Boeing including South Carolina, molybdenum and Alabama, all eagerly willing to offer the company lucrative subsidy packages (Gates n.pg).To efficiently address the different challenges posed by power differences in negotiation, it is imperative for one to first comprehend power as basic concept. From the most encompassing and elemental perspective, power refers to the ability of a person or

Ronald Reagan work in Cannon, Diggin Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Ronald Reagan work in Cannon, Diggin - try out ExampleSeveral biographers have written a lot about Reagan as a chair as well as his earlier and later life. This paper shall attempt to put in congener to wiz another the historical and philosophical presuppositions written by some of his biographers.Michael Schaller is one of the acclaimed historians of the United States policy-making right. In his writings, he offers the readers a detailed account of Ronald Reagans life and achievements. This, he does right potpourri Reagans upbringing in the rural Illinois to his success in Hollywood, entry into the American politics as a governor, to his later rise to the White House. In his writing, Schaller documents that Ronald Reagan was born to John Edward and Nelle Wilson on 6th 1911 in Illinois. His father, who was fondly known as Jack struggled with alcoholism and often forced his family to move frequently fore of the bill collector (Schaller 2). This resulted to the family moving to several small towns within Illinois and briefly to Chicago before a final settlement in Dixon. Through constant encouragements from his mother, Reagan participated in sports and dram as a teenage in school. In college, Reagan majored in sociology and economics (Schaller 10). Later in life, Reagan associated the success of his life to his happy childhood. Peggy Noon, one of Reagans most effective White House writers, described Reagans outward amicability as a fruit of his childhood life. According to her, Reagan found it his duty to make other people happy.The biographer Sean Wilentz as well writes that Reagan spent all his life trying to be someone else. He says that the small boy became a Hollywood actor, the open-minded democrat became a republic conformist, and the citizen superstar became governor and later president. Reagan graduated from collge in 1932 and secured a job as a sports announcer of a radio. As a youth,

Issues in accounting for R&D investment - a perspective from the Dissertation

Issues in history for R&D investment - a horizon from the pharmaceutical industry - Dissertation ExampleThe companies operating in the pharmaceutical industry spend millions of dollars from each one year in the interrogation and reading uptake so that they are able to devise crude methods and medicine that are able to cure and provide sustenance to the human body from deadly diseases. From the monetary perspective, the research and development expenditure forms an integral part of the financial statements of any pharmaceutical company. Over the years, a debate has been going between the financial managers and the economists regarding the fact pertaining to the accounting treatment of the research and development expenditure in the financial statements of the pharmaceutical companies. ... This particular, in addition to providing a brief historical background of the R&D accounting treatments, highlights the following main R&D accounting issues and their most prudent accounting treatment in the financial statements of a pharmaceutical company Goodwill accounting during merger and accomplishment transaction between multinational Exchange of intangible assets with continuing involvement Upfront payments to conduct research with access to the research Payments made to conduct research Upfront payments accepted to conduct development slowdown recognition Upfront payments received to conduct development Completion Donation payment for research Loans received to fund research and development purposes Segmental reporting of internal research and development Treatment of development supplies Advertising and promotional expenditure Accounting for the cost of free samples Line extension development be The paper also presents the linkage between the research and development expenditure and financial viability. For this purpose the death three financial years of AsteraZeneca is used. Introduction The top of the worldwide pharmaceutical market is the US and it is expect to hit almost $345 billion in 2014. The second largest market is the Japanese market and then the European market including Germany France, and Chinese market (Market line industry guide, 2012). However, the International Federation of Pharmaceutical Wholesalers (IFPW) shows that growth pass judgment in developed and developing markets based on their capability to rec all over from the economic crisis is significantly inconsistent. jibe to the research of Urch Publishing (2012), the global pharmaceutical industry in 2014 is expected to be worth over $1 trillion with a 5% compound annual growth

State of the Economi in Bosnia Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

State of the Economi in Bosnia - Case Study ExampleIt also ensures that the graduates accomplish their masters gunpoint in a short time and thus enable them to access the job mart in the shortest time possible. This short course of study has various disadvantages, which includes generation, of little revenue on a pupil basis compared with the long program model. The shorter model will ensure that the students finish as quickly as possible and give room for new ones to join the cultivate. This would provide an opportunity to the College to earn extra income and balance the one that would be earned by the long program. The short model would offer ten courses in a stream of eleven months while the long would offer sixteen courses in a period twenty months. Most of the students would be interested in the ten courses model since they pay a subsidy over the separate schools offering graduate management education. Since most of the students want to concentrate on other issues like s eeking for employment, people would adopt the shorter model since it would take those twain years which is a relatively short period to accomplish their studies. Discounted Cash Flow Analysis A Discounted Cash Flow system of valuation estimates the credibility of an investment that is worth investing. In a case where the value that one arrives at through this DCF method is higher than the cost of investment, then the opportunity is viable. Discounted Cash Flow= 425,000-87,250/ (1+0.15) + 350,000-87250/ (1+0.15)2 = 735,899.375 US dollars. unmatchable achieves this amount after taking the revenue that the organization realizes after an enrolment of 25 students for both programs. The information for each cohort is $ 17,000 for the short program and $ 14,000 for the long program. The students prefer the short program since taking diverge of the program is of little value with regard to enhancement of their career prospects. The students should ensure that they complete their cours e since it if finale that counts with MBA. One finds that the models are realistic and worth investing in since the DCF amount is favourable. Since the amount of revenue that these two projects would generate, is higher than the cost of investing, the project is, therefore, viable and worth venturing. Consideration of other firms who offer Masters in Business Administration, in the country, also provides vital information concerning investing in the project. It will provide the pass judgment price that should be charged in the market and the expected level of expenses that the college should incur in the mould of running the programs. Pros of the long program The long program will generate reasonable profits to the school in case a reasonable number of students join the program. This will ensure that the school develops due to availability of resources that it develops through making profits. It is also cheaper where compared with a short program and students can easily chevvy the fees with a lot of struggles. The administration distributes tuition fee over a longer duration of time. The students project the long program has a possibility of performing well since they have few courses to concentrate on in a long duration of time. Cons of the long program The long program takes a pretty longer time when compared to the short program. It requires a large amount of capital for investment since the number of be involved in running the program is higher. Pros of the short program The short program saves time for students and equips them with the MBA degree which they will use to secure employment opportunities in the job market. This gives them competitive advantage when compared with the long program students who spend a lot of time in school. The students also finish their course in a relatively short

Nursing Implication for Teenage Pregnancy Essay

Nursing Implication for Teenage Pregnancy - try on ExampleThe paper Nursing Implication for Teenage Pregnancy talks about the problem of puerile gestation in the US which is having the highest incidence of teen gestation though the rate is declining everywhere. Probably on-going sex education and improved accessibility to condoms have helped to get it down. Young parents and kids unremarkably have a severe impact on their lives sacrificing education, career, and most importantly health. This essay gives detail information regarding statistical facts of teen pregnancy state wise information along with the implication of nursing. A teen can likewise have a healthy pregnancy if she is able to detect pregnancy on time and rule pre and post natal care promptly. The importance of prenatal and postnatal care education is understood in the essay as in teen pregnancy cases chances of getting preterm labor with low birth weighting babies are higher. Young mothers are provided with gen uine support by healthcare system along with parenting classes and counseling.Parenting is a tough task for every individual and it is indeed very difficult if the parents are teenagers. Teenage pregnancy has become a major issue of concern for almost all the western countries. Incidences of teen pregnancy are rising in the US too and teens are battling to establish child-friendly situations in their lives. Teens are not the only sufferer but their children also face frequent health problems in future. These pregnancies are usually unplanned and are not pleasant phenomena to the society.

Creating Your Dream Job Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Creating Your Dream Job - Assignment ExampleWith somebodys with special culture inevitably, such multidisciplinary/ multi-agency working becomes advantageous because the collaboration among professionals directly focus on the inescapably of the individualistic. To avoid conflicts amongst the professionals in a multidisciplinary setting, it is essential to have a key person to coordinate each(prenominal) iodin and ensure that target goals for the individual with special needs be met. In the United Kingdom, this person has the appellation of the Special Education Needs Coordinator (SENCO) (SENCO, 1997). In other countries, this title is also known as a case manager or simply a social worker assigned to the case. Hughes & Rycus (1998) explain that when an individual with a acquirement disability avails of multi-agency services, a social worker helps him source the services he needs for his disability in the medical and educational systems. Communication and cooperation among v ariant professionals and agencies ensue in addressing the individuals needs. Joint work by representatives of different agencies has been proven to accelerate the progress of interventions of young people with learning disabilities and ultimately contribute much to their well-being. Educators, therapists, psychologists, speech pathologists, physicians, social workers and even government officials join hands in the c atomic number 18 and education of these young people to ensure their optimum growth and development. The ideal SENCO worker needs to have a college degree in Special Education, Social Work or Psychology so that he or she is knowledgeable with the needs of the clients who have special education needs. The SENCO should also be estimable in networking and collaboration skills, since he or she will engage in interpersonal interactions with people from various disciplines. Good communication skills is a must. The SENCO has the following job description Contacts prospective professionals to be part of the Multidisciplinary team Screens and hires therapists Meet with team members individually and as a team, if necessary Communicates and coordinates with each member about the programs they are doing with the client Organizes schedules of both the client and the various professionals working with him Collects and collates reports from each team member Evaluates performance of each team member Organizes team management conferences Furnish general report about clients progress 2. Design a compensation and benefits package related to your dream job. Every worker dreams of having a salary that is fair and compensable for all his efforts. It is logical and acceptable to receive a salary that is conterminous to the tasks involved in ones job. As a SENCO, salary considerations should involve the skills necessary for the individual to carry out the aforementioned tasks and that would be both professional and personal skills. The salary is not the only when com pensation sought by workers. A good compensation and benefits package specifically for a SENCO could include the following Reasonable remuneration Social security Medical Insurance Travel allowance Sponsorship to study Seminar-Workshop/ Conferences Sick and Vacation Leaves Option for flexi-time Option for tele-commuting especially with coordination and clerical tasks Provision of gadgets and other equipment for easy communication and coordination (ex. Laptop, tablet computer, mobile phone, internet connection)

Language Learning Activities Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words - 2

Language Learning Activities - leaven ExampleFrom this paper it is clear that the linkword method, on the other hand, involves using see to its to link a word in a learners first dustup with a word in the foreign language the learner is learning. For example if an English speaker is learning French the instructor would provide the learner with an image of the object and its English word, and then link it with a French word for the image. In Krashens system of instant language acquisition there are five main hypotheses used to understand the exhibit of language acquisition/language learning. These hypotheses are the acquisition-learning hypothesis, the monitor hypothesis, the natural order hypothesis, the input hypothesis and the affective filter hypothesis. According to the paper these three methods have advantages and drawbacks. There are certain fundamental principles that tick success of TPR as a learning activity during the process of language learning. These principles a re built upon the second language acquisition theory by Stephen Krashen. The first principle states a language puke be learned easier when a student can be in a position to receive a lot of comprehensible input from the natural surrounding. Comprehensible input means something that is simply understandable done communication which Krashen commonly refers to as the communicative act. The second principle is that a language learner benefits greatly from a silent period during the learning process. The silent period is the period when the learner tries to understand and to act to language instructions without attempting to speak. The silent period is natural and language learners speak only when language has amply developed in their brain. A learner will undergo a process of learning where he/she just receives input but stays for a certain period of time before they can speak the language.

Public Nuisance which the Teenage Youngsters Commit in the Essay

Public Nuisance which the Teenage Youngsters establish in the Neighbourhood - Essay ExampleIt is seen that youth call for infringed human rights by giving bring on for complaints by local pensioners to law enforcement agencies and other concerned authorities regarding their night activities. Even family members of the resident pensioners have booked complaints regarding the youth on a number of occasions. But no action was yet forthcoming, although they were on a regular basis committing the nuisance in the locality.Under Article 11 of UK Human Rights Act 1998, which relates to freedom of assembly and connective under subsection 1, it is seen that everyone has the right to freedom of peaceful assembly and to freedom of association with others. (Article 11 immunity of Assembly and Association).An interpretation of this section could be in terms of fact that it is possible that this article shall not circumvent enforcement of legal limits on enforcement of these rights by members of the law or others, in occurrence this is necessarily prescribe by law and are necessary in a democratic society in the interests of matter security or public safety, for the prevention of disorder or crime, for the protection of health or moral philosophy or for the protection of the rights and freedoms of others. (Article 8 Right to Respect for Private and Family Life).In this case, the applicant filed a case regarding noise pollution from Heathrow Airport, character 76(1) of the Civil Aviation Act (CVA)1982, which enforce a statutory stymie on the action being brought against noise pollution caused by aircraft flying across Heathrow Airport was authoritative and one-sided. Their complaint was that this provision substantially annulled their privilege to seek recompense in Civil Courts under fraction 6 of the Act.However, even when the case reached a higher Court, it held that the main contention was the applicability, or otherwise of Section 76(1) and the question of Ar ticle 6(1) did not arise.

Globalization Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 3

Globalization - Essay ExampleFirst, a tighten whitethorn choose FDI rather than exporting when it wants to regulate cost uncertainty, as well as contend uncertainty. Through FDI, the outside(a)ist firm will meet the shifting local demand more rapidly than when the firm uses exporting this will improve the profits of the firm. Therefore, the firm may decide to control communication channel activities through FDI rather than exporting when the cost uncertainty is lower than the demand uncertainty. Moreover, firms that engage in the outturn of products that may be less similar may choose foreign direct enthronement as an entry strategy in foreign markets than the use of exporting.Another circumstance that may prompt a firm to use foreign direct investment rather than the other methods like exporting includes governing body policies. These may entail policies that discourage exports as a way of conducting international business. For example, nontariff as well as tariff barriers may discourage firms from choosing to export as an entry mode in international business. exalted taxes that may be levied on the exports may compromise the profits of the business enterprise. As a result, firms may choose to make direct investments in the foreign markets with an aim of maintaining productivity and profits. Tariffs may act as barriers to international trade, especially when firms depend on exports as a mode of entry in international markets.Another circumstance that may make a firm make a direct investment in a foreign country through FDI includes marketing concerns. This may entail the distribution, logistics, image of the firm, and reactivity to the customers needs. Firms that require quick and immediate feedback from the customers tend to choose FDI as the mode of entry in international markets (Markusen 2004, p. 287). Through FDI, the firm takes advantage of its presence in a foreign market to engage in widespread marketing of the products, which it produces. Thus, Foreign Direct Investment could be more favorable than exporting, licensing, and franchising in a situation where the firm wants to engage in enormous marketing of its products (Moran 2002, p. 100). Firms may also decide to internationalize their business activities through foreign direct investment where logistical considerations play an essential role in the activities of the firm. An example includes the costs attributed to internationalization through exporting (William 2004, p. 246). While firms decide to internationalize through exporting, somewhat costs such as packaging, warehousing, distribution, and transporting costs will be incurred. Thus, in circumstances where firms want to keep down these costs, it will be more

Air Asia Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

carry Asia - Case Study ExampleHowever, they tend to value quality service, and atomic number 18 involuntary to pay for splendiferous service. On the other hand, Asians are less likely to concentrate on quality of service, and are willing to compromise quality service for a low price. Furthermore, people in the U.S. and Europe can riding habit other forms of transport for little trips such as speed rail, bus etc. However, there are hardly either world class rails in Asia, and air travel remains the only option for m both travelers. Some people in Asia might use bus, but the advent of reckon airways has made it cheaper for travelers to fly instead. Given todays economic climate, low-fare service would be a hit in any part of the world and the disjuncture region is no exception. Although, the Gulf region has a good per capita income, turn away and middle class travelers would nevertheless welcome low-fare service and it would definitely affect the large carriers in the Gulf Region.Q2 oxygenise Asia is a budget airline which was on the verge of bankruptcy, but sprang up in 2001 to pass the worlds cheapest airline. oxygenise Asia is a budget airline and succeeded in getting the lowest cost per kilometer of any airline. It was largely in part because of the declining ask for air travel and fleet purchases in the aftermath of 9/11. Thus, time was a key player in ensuring that post Asia got the lowest cost structure possible. Furthermore, Air Asia also differentiated itself from other carriers by initiating ticketless travel. Under this new method, travelers had to book tickets online and there was no evoke to for travelers to go through agents. This made travel easy for the passengers and helped further in the reduction of distribution costs. However, Air Asia was similar to other carriers because all carriers of its type focused on low cost travel and targeted piffling business travelers. Moreover, Air Asia just like other carriers also offered on ly three types of fares. This was to stimulate demand for these carriers and attract travelers from major airlines like Malaysian Airlines. Q3 By reading the case study, I feel that Air Asia was wrong in its decision of Internet booking. Although this has been a viable option for many travelers, it has also meant that the airline is losing potential passengers who do not have access to the Internet. Air Asia is targeting relatives and small travelers and many might not have access to Internet. Furthermore, I also feel that expanding too much in a short period of time might have its disadvantages. Purchasing a lot of fleet might be a cause of concern given todays shifting business climate. It would be difficult to make periodical payments if uncertain conditions force demand to plunge. First, Air Asia came into the market at the right time. Just after the terrorist attacks of family 11, the aviation industry took an uncertain turn and there was a drop in demand. This caused the mark et for fleets to go down and leasing costs were reasonable, causing Air Asia to penetrate the market. Also, Air Asia expanded beyond national borders and grabbed the hazard to serve neighboring countries. Moreover, Air A

The Methodology ( primary and secondary research Data Analysis) - Assignment

The Methodology ( primary and secondary research selective information Analysis) - Integrated industry project ( Benefits of Training and Development on employees and managers in ( Court - in UAE ) area 3 (Primary and - Assignment Exampleis expected that such officers must be at their very stovepipe in terms of their skills, acumen and ability to dispense fair and objective determinations or rulings. This is the reason as to why the court officers usually go for training and increase course of instruction so to improve their boilers suit body of knowledge and skills. In retrospect, the employees of a Court in linked Arab Emirates must also disturb and share in the accumulation of knowledge accordingly.It is important to note and mention that the training and development endeavors and programme cannot be done in a blanket form. Instead, it would be done in a self-opinionated approach and manner which would ensure that the training and development program meets the intended and desirable outcome in the long end (Al-Hamadi, Budhwar & Shipton, 2007, p. 101). This is to mention and imply that the training and development must be done in a way and manner that exit target the right number of employees while at the aforesaid(prenominal) time give the employees the most relevant and articulate training possible.Tentatively, it is critical to align the training and development of the United Arab Emirates Court officials in a quantitative and qualitative manner. This is to imply that the crucial number of employees will be targeted while the most relevant and important form of training is given to them. A vatical case and example is such that the court clerks who usually take notes and eternize the court proceeding would be given trainings on how to use laptops and other modern electronic gadgets so as to help them theatrical role faster. Similarly the employees who are maintain the files may be trained and enlightened on safer method of record keeping using computer other than files and papers.In order to launch the training and development if the United Arabs Emirates Court officials, it is imperative and imperious to get the input of the people whose lives are directly linked to the courts or the form of trainings that would be used. The primary

Arts and communication Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Arts and communication - raise Examplesuous because it is here that the definition differs from a simple, nearly involuntary expression of shock or fussiness and the almost automatic directives of everyday communication. In order to be considered fine art, the form of expression must be capable of inciting an emotional response in some form of premeditated presentation. While the art itself may be to a large extent spontaneous, the display of it as such would qualify for the required portion of premeditation while the encouragement to some others of stopping and reflecting upon the emotions this display evokes elicits the sensuous response. Although art can be appreciated for its aesthetic values alone, it can also be put to work for a variety of other reasons, such as advocating a particular political or ideological concept. This is most often egressed through mass media which is influenced by and influences political and corporate agendas. However, in this more fragmented s ociety, in which socially isolated individuals become more susceptible to exterior manipulation, propaganda produced within the mass media has a repressing effect upon the mass population. This, in turn, has a repressing effect upon the art that is being produced as only those art forms that support the dominant conventions gain notice. This single viewpoint shared across all mediums is referred to as hegemony. However, thither is another art form that subverts these restrictions. Graffiti, largely identified as an illegal art, has been used by artists as a means of expressing resistance to this hegemonic shift in countries around the world.The definition of graffiti changes depending upon who is providing the definition. Although often referred to as art, its artistic merits are frequently ignored or deemed unimportant, as is exemplified in the definition provided by the capital of Ireland City Council (What is Graffiti?, 2007) in which only one of the five listed characteristics e ven mentions its artistic qualities Graffiti is

Gun Control Persuasive Essay Example for Free

Gun Control Persuasive EssayI believe that catalysts should not be banned in the US. Guns dont kill people, people kill people. I am incontestable most of us have heard this saying at some point in our lives. Surely, it is a statement of the obvious, but the logic behind it rings true. It may seem rational to ban guns just to prevent people from killing, but it is not the guns themselves that are the problem. That is just a simple solution to a complex problem. The criminals who kill others are perishing to come out the law and risk going to prison for the domicile of their lives to murder, yet they are expected to follow firearm laws? If a nationwide gun ban is enacted, criminals will not suddenly follow the law and reject the thought of buying a firearm on the black market.Banning all guns in the join States would be irrational because it would not lower evil or prevent firearm-related murders. Outlawing firearms punishes the law-abiding citizens by leaving them defen seless against criminals who obtain their firearms il de jure .Protecting yourself with a legally obtained firearm should not be against the law and should me more of a necessity for the safety of your family and property. The Department of rightnesss own discipline Institute of Justice study titled Guns in America National Survey on Private Ownership and Use of Firearms estimated that 1.5 million Americans use guns for defensive purposes every year. sight who commit crimes are already willing to break the law to kill someone, why wouldnt they break the law and buy a firearm off the black market.As weve learned from the war on drugs, prohibiting a particular item only makes a stronger criminal enterprise. It would seem logical that the banning of firearms would lead to less firearms and less crime, but statistics show just the opposite. Washington D.C. has had a handgun ban in effect since 1976. After the ban, D.C.s murder rate only once fell below what it was in 1976. Furthermor e, Washington D.C. has been notorious for being one of the most violent cities in the country. Not only is this the show window in the United States, but the trend continues in other countries around the world. For example, after firearms were banned in England and Wales in 1997, the number of deaths and injuries from gun crime increased 340 percent in the seven years from 1998 to 2005.The rubric that guns are the problem is merely a scapegoat for larger socioeconomic problems such as poerty, drugs, deplorable parenting, and undesirable role models. As for the mass shootings that have become a staple for the fear mongering somatic media, it should be noted that every single mass shooter since columbine had been prescribed serotonin boosting psychiatrical drugs, yet the media seldomly mention this and never correlate it with the crime. Perhaps they dont want to point the fiendish towards their big pharmaceutical sponsors, whose ads bombard you during every commercial break. Fur thermore the media also sensationalizes these shooters making them seem alike martyrs for the next potential shooter. An abundance of registered firearms in the hands of law-abiding citizens acts as a deterrent against crime.The urban center of Kennesaw, Georgia passed an ordinance in March of 1982 requiring each household to own and maintain a gun. Kennesaws crime rate dropped significantly after the ordinance, and there has not been a single murder over the twenty-six years that it has been in effect. The claims that a high gun willpower results in high amounts of military group is nothing more than a fabrication. Switzerland, a country known for having one of the highest rates of gun monomania in the world, also maintains one of the lowest firearm-related crime rates in the world. In areas where gun ownership is high, the threat of an armed civilian acts as a hindrance against the criminal element.Overall, I speculate that the United States will continue to see a reduction i n crime in areas of rising gun ownership. A firearm ban would not stop crime and would only hurt responsible, law-abiding citizens. As long as there is a criminal element, people will always feel the consider to protect themselves against a perceived threat. The second amendment was implemented by the founding fathers of the United States as a fundamental right of the people to protect themselves from all forms of tyranny. The right to keep and bear arms is constituted in American culture, and it will not be going away any time soon.

How and When We Use ICT Essay Example for Free

How and When We Use ICT EssayThe communication system in the institution is essential to modern day life. This whitethorn include busy phones or normal ho ready prohibitedhold phones, which instantly allow someone to hear an other(a) persons voice from anywhere around the macrocosm, after you write in code in the required phone number. This spares a great deal of hassle, time and capital as thither no or less aim to actually visit the person speaking. Further more than, a mobile phone, playacting the same tasks roll in the hay be use, which can be producen anywhere and is wireless. likewise with the mobile phone, preferably of talking to another person, messages could be sent k like a shotn as text to whomever, saving more coin and time.Similarly the modern day internet- with the electronic mail system, could be used, to anyone or any company around the world who also posses e-mail addresses. Again, the communication is very fast and better than mobile phone text , the information is free, easier and more of it can be sent across the world. At Howards Health centre, the communications system would be essential, as it is to modern day life. All the stock, financial systems and even customer services pass on require the use of these systems.These, obviously come into vital use for our company and our staff. Firstly these different methods of communication can and depart be used in this company. Whether done the internet, txt message or simply talking over the mobile phone, these will all come into demand. It replaces the need of counting on unreliable snail mail which has more disadvantages, such as the speed, consistency and the time spent in order to gain something from this method.The usage of compact disc read-only memoryS has purport going more than common. These are readily and cheaply available in all modern day stores and retailers, congruous useful for a variety of different reasons. CD-ROMS in the form of Digital Versatile Dis ks (DVDs), rich person close to completely replaced and taken over the famous video, displaying movies, films and other TV related programmes. Furthermore, CD-ROMS are increasing popularity, receivable to the demand and popularity of different types of software that would be vital for our company to nurse. The popularity of these CD-ROMS is increasing so rapidly that they now are included in free samples that come to the post.Howards Health centre will use the CD-ROM to make use of the software that our system needs via the CD-ROM. It also would help promote our company through advertising our goods with maybe a free CD-ROM. as well as we may use CD-ROMs to store backup files, inclose of a breakdown. Furthermore, to offer training to our employees of how to use mixed programmes on the computer, we will need the aid of a CD-ROMAnother use of ICT in stores and companies such as ours is with the everyday usage of shut out codes particularly helpful for lead astrays and other big stores. These are used to display the unique identities of any product which can be stored into shop computers to keep track of there own products. The benefits of bar codes are immeasurable. The roughly liberal of reasons include that there is less hazard of fraud and there is Quicker service in shops, for the bar code is used to display the identity and price of a product. Furthermore this method is relatively slow to use and requires petite training to learn. Therefore the products sold by Howards Health centre will have the bar code on medicine and other medical facilities.The internet is increasing popularity for online shop. In this world today, many people who are generally occupied or too ill to go out to the supermarkets, use the internet to shop. This is an easy, quick and reliable office of shopping as the stock is delivered promptly to your doorstep. Also as this method requires little effort and is increasing in popularity, more and more varieties of goods c an be brought over the internet, specially those that might be harder to purchase otherwise.However, there are many drawbacks to this method. For example, this method of shopping can create and increase health problems, as it cuts out the need of walking to the shops or the supermarket. Also it increases the risk of fraud as credit observation details and other personal information may easily released into the dangerous world wide web,electronic Funds Transfer Point of Sale (EFTPOS) technology, allows money to be paid through credit cards at tills that accept them. This involves a credit card having unique identity and direct access to the owners account, to be inserted into one of these tills, where the price of the items is taken from the bank. This greatly decreases the risk of burglary of money and stops any inconveniences caused by the carrying of money in your pocket. However, this method is not perfect as it is prone to credit card fraud and these cards can easily be lost. Furthermore, employ this way for paying money makes the exploiter less alert of the quantity of money that they spend, increasing the risk of debt and overdraft.Electronic Point of Sale (EPOS) is similar to the other method. This ensures the electronic transfer of funds at the point of sale. It used at the checkouts to provide the customer receipt and, at the same time, update the items in stock. This process is automatic, requiring little human endeavor and assistance.With the introduction of new technology, our company will start using an easier method of shopping- shop online, replacing the typical and traditional method of using our legs and arms We also would use computers to send e-mails and for enjoyment purposes using CD-ROM gaming. These games have special 3-D effects and other griping effects that keep the user interested.It is also used with interactive television. Before people had access to only four or basketball team channels, which for the telle addict would ge t intimidating. With interactive television, up to 800 channels, giving a much more interesting crease of channels and topics. Howards Health centre by providing them with information, education and entertainment for a variety of subjects that may be useful to this company, the staff the and the whole of BrownsvilleSage payroll is a commercial system that can be brought, to automatically calculate the employers wages. It is a very quick, easy and accurate method to calculate the wages of the employees. We may make use of this in Howards Health centre, especially in the near future, once the hospital is up and running. Also this provides businesses with support and advice which obviously will come helpful.Our method, using the computer, is slightly harder to use and needs more human assistance and training. Also this method is more prone to mistakes and is less professional. However, it is cheaper to use, easier to set up and it suits the vocation as it is a small health centre.Wor king practices will obviously have to change in Howards Health centre, thanks to the newly introduced computerized system. The old typewriter, handwritten letters, huge filing cabinets and much more will have to go now the computer is introduced.The average Howards Health centre employee will have to get used to using the computer, and will find it very useful. The need for letters and stamps taking days if not weeks to come will be mostly replaced by the e-mail system taking seconds to send extensive amounts of info across the world. Internet shopping will reduce the need for our staff to actually go out and by the clothing and stock. Data will now, and in the future, is stored within this system that will take up far less room than before.Remember, these various hi tech systems can only be accessed by individuals and companies who have the means of accessing these technologies, like Howards Health centre. These technologies are relatively expensive to own, and thus, are mainly ac cessible to the industrialized and MEDC countries. These countries posses various forms and resources in order to use these systems effectively. Thus, countries that are in the developing/ terzetto world simply do not have the financial resources to implement these systems.With this revolution of our system, we will need to train the staff to use these systems. This will take time and cost money. Also we will have to find qualified teachers, which will again be a hassle. Our staff will be practised in using the computer, software and performing the necessary tasks. The trainees will also need to be aware of the law and various different acts. For instance the data protection act which provides legislations to protect data released onto the computers, especially personal data. Also the employees must be aware of privacy and copyright. It is essential that the workers should be aware of other moral implications of using ICT. Our staff must be aware of undesirable material and the mis use of computers at work.ICT systems can easily crash. In this process, all too easily, many data can be lost, and sometimes not retrieved. This often happens with unsaved data, say when there is a power cut, this data will be lost. This problem can be whip in a variety of ways. Obviously, the primary way would be to always regularly save the data, where programmes can be loaded onto the system that will automatically save a copy of the data so that it is not lost. Also various retrieval programmes can be used, which when the user switches off with ought to saving the work, or the computer crashes, the system will automatically have a record of there work. In the long term, data backups are used, in the form of CD-ROMS or various other storage mediums, which can act as backup devices. Also, the internet can be used, where work may be uploaded on say a website, incase of a crash.Another disadvantage of using these systems, which will imply in Howards Health centre, is the various he alth problems they pose. Usage of the computer and to communicate via e-mail can take long to accomplish. Usage of this method of communication, along with text messages can cause warmheartedness and neck strain, aswell as a host of other problems. Using the mobile phone, although not posing a significant health risk can cost a lot of money, especially when calling when most needed- peak time.Again training and teaching about these various health problems, and how to avoid them, would help overcome this problem. Despite the expenses and hassle of training and teaching the employers, it undoubtedly would be money well spent. For ultimately the health and safety of our employers comes first.

Later Adulthood Essay Example for Free

Later Adulthood EssayAging in our bon ton potful be a very stressful time regarding our olden. They ar going through tremendous changes non just now physically, emotionally, but also heartyly. It is in our best interest to help them sour the proper adjustments during what coffin nail be a difficult time for round. Retirement is not always the best thing for our senior citizens. It can be a trying time as they no longer feel useful. We need to wrap up they remain productive by maintaining relationships with friends and family, volunteering, let outing a hobby, and most important maintaining a healthy flavorstyle. Be ingest our society is so obsessed with youth, many of our senior citizens feel left out. In Japan, they treat their elders with the utmost respect. (Maslow, Kirst 2010). It is our plait to treat our senior citizens with the same respect instead of shunning them from society. At times their quick accommodations be not suit fitted and the amount of healt hcargon they may need can let stress in their lives.Their relationships with their spouses, children, friends, and co spurters change dramatically. It can be a difficult transition and is up to us to return certainly they can ease into later adulthood with positive attitudes and a foundation of hope for their future. In their later adulthood years, the elder experience changes in their roles and affectionate position. Upon retirement, many aging individuals may withdraw from their social network circle. This may happen when the individual is not ready to retire and resents macrocosm forced to retire. They produce to feel unwanted and feel they no longer have anything in common with their friends. Our society does not incorporate the cured desires of remaining productive which may cause them to dis take up in socializing with their lucifers.Their social status changes from teacher, pharmacist, and store manager to perhaps a regular Joe in the neighborhood. This can impact t heir head and their ability to maintain a positive attitude during retirement. One of the best ways for the elderly to scat to feel worthy during their later years is perhaps volunteering and influencing our youth with their knowledge and wisdom. Determining the best desir suitable living accommodations for the elderly can be a daunting task for their loved ones. Many elderly are determined to stay in their homes living independently and if they are not ill than that excerpt may work for them. There are manyfactors that determine if they can stay in their home.Do they have transportation? Are they close to stores and medical care? If their loved one has health issues and requires medical attention around the clock than a nursing home would be their best picking. some other option would be a retirement community, senior apartments or senior homes. Trying to find the best living accommodation for the elderly to spend their days living productive lives is very important. They al so need admittance to affordable healthcare. Many elderly are plagued with health issues and cannot afford prescriptions or doctor visits. They do gain ground from senior citizen discounts but it is not enough to cover all their medical expenses. Our society needs to find a better solution in terms of our aging population and health care needs. Kim Moen give tongue to On the one hand, the retirement experience may promote a sense of well-being, as workers move out of demanding and/or stressful career jobs.On the other hand, the retirement passage itself may travel by to diminished well-being, as individuals lose their occupational attachments, their social network of coworkers, and a major anchor for their identities. (Headnote, conservation of parity 2). Regarding our aging population, the most difficult time for them can be transitioning from working all their life to retirement. Our society has stressed the importance of youth and our elderly start to feel useless. Going in to to retirement can cause more burdens on the elderly. By living on a fixed income and not being able to spend on have out, movies, or even vacationing can takes its toll on the elderly. They can become depressed, which can then lead to suicidal thoughts. Another factor of going into retirement is the elderly may lose play with coworkers since they no longer have work to discuss, they start to avoid contact with friends.Many elderly couples may not get along during retirement, they are not accustomed to being around their loved ones all day and this can cause problems in their marriage. Our society needs to boost our elderly to remain productive after retirement so they can feel needed and infix in volunteer schedules offered in their communities. If they are able to work and can go to contribute to society, it go out be a positive situation for everyone including our economy. There are many factors that can contribute to our elderly populations marital, family and peer rela tionships. During retirement, an elderly couple may experience moremarital strife as they are attempting to get used to being home all day. Their health also plays a part on their marital relationship. If one partner is ill, than the other partner has to care for the ill partner and this will cause stress.As couples, our elderly may not have the bond the once had at a younger age. They need to maintain a close relationship and focus on their positive aspects of their relationship. Regarding their own children, some elderly attempt to withdraw and not maintain close relationships with their children or grandchildren. Some will engage more and try to interfere in raising their grandchildren, which will cause problems with their own children. In their peer relationships, they may withdraw also. It does depend on the individual and their circumstances on how they handle the important relationships in their lives. Bookwala and Franks (2005) found that having a successful marriage will e nhance the physical wellbeing of elderly couples as they progress into their golden years.There are many social policies impacting our aging population. Many of these social policies were designed to assist our elderly during their retirement years. One out of ten older people live in poverty. (Zastrow Kirst-Ashman, 2010, para. Financial Problems of Older People). This information demonstrates the dire situation our elderly are experiencing. How are they able to make ends meet if they have no savings and living entirely on Social Security benefits? Another factor is the cost of healthcare that many aging individuals have to deal with. If they are in unfortunate health and are in need of constant doctor supervision and medicine, they are relying on the governments Medicaid program and at times this can cause added stress in their lives. If their health is deteriorating, it makes sense that we need to give new strategies to assist the elderly with aging.We should also encourage the m to work if they are physically fit and able instead of discriminating against them based on their age. Our focus should be campaigning for them to engage in exercise, eating healthy and maintaining an active lifestyle throughout their lives to delay the effects of aging. In order for our elderly to continue progressing in later adulthood, our society needs to change our way thinking. We should encourage elderly people to work and be productive.A national campaign for our elders should address the benefits of physical fitness, eating right, andmaintaining close relationships with their loved ones. We should make them feel wanted and treat them with the utmost respect. They have lived life, have wisdom and experience to share with everyone. By incorporating those into volunteer programs will also be highly beneficial for everyone involved. Making sure they are blessed and living in acceptable conditions should also be our concern. Now is the time, to turn the tables around and ensu re that we are doing our best to take care for our aging population.Works CitedBookwala, J., Franks, M.M. (2005). Moderating role of marital quality in older adults depressed affect Beyond the main-effects model. The Journal of Gerontology, 60B (6), p.338-p.341. Kim, J.E., Moen, P. (2002). Retirement transitions, gender, and psychological well-being a life course, ecological model. The Journal of Gerontology, 57B (3), p.212-p.222. Zastrow, C. H., Kirst-Ashman, K.K. (2010). Understanding Human Behavior the Social Environment (8th ed.). Retrieved from The University of Phoenix eBook Collection database

Green River company Essay Example for Free

Green River company Es hypothecateAberdeen facility is concentrate on the growthion of special missile canisters for US Navy. The peculiarity of the production lies in its extraordinary complexity. Canisters affirm many features that require special attention and c areful assembling. Thus, the commitment of workers is the issue of crucial importance. Otherwise, the quality of product will suffer, which is absolutely inadmissible with regard to the nature of production. The privileged position of Aberdeen plant lies in the situation that it doesnt actually have any competitors. It works for the only customer US Navy. However, it contains hidden threats as sound, because there is always a chance of neglecting a quality of product knowing that there is no fight for a customer. The Aberdeen plant was started five years ago without using unions to regulate pay scales and see various job descriptions. It employs 100 employees and is much smaller in size than the Green River facil ity. The production melodic phrase utilizes three-quarters of its employees.Bob Lancaster the founder and the first manager of the plant first introduced the innovative participative management. Lancaster based his management surmisal on doing the right thing, trust and if you can fix it, do it. This functi nonpareild as a collective, it took away tending from doing or not doing what is needed to complete a task and it also gave each individual the office of solving a problem without having to go through a chain of command to get results. consciousness Dailey, Green River plant manager, is intrigued with the management processes at the FMC Aberdeen facility and thus is willing to implement similar changes at Green River. Dailey is a progressive manager and wants to innovate the Green River plant with a progressive movement of management as well as three new plants that the corporation plans on building. The major organizational issue pertaining to the possible changes is tha t of an organizational body structure.Obviously, within the Green River plant we notice usual running(a) structure of organization where authority is delegated from the top to the bottom, from the higher manager to the manager of the lower level. There is a train relationship between superior and subordinate, with each subordinate responsible to only ace person. Line relationships are associated with functional or departmental division of work and organizational control. Line managers have authority and certificate of indebtedness for all matters and activities within their own department (Sterman, 2000).It means that organizational structure at Green River doesnt suppose any personal initiative or any social action beyond the processes and functions defined. Moreover, linear structure also doesnt suppose any group discussions, since major decisions are taken above. In contrary, Aberdeen facility has more than flat organizational structure, when every employee can turn to the higher level one with an initiative, complaint or offer. Such an organizational structure presupposes more communication and thus has greater furbish up on employees motivation.Flat organizational structure kills the fear towards management in employees and develop more favorable working atmosphere. Considering two different types of organizational structure within two facilities, it is possible to say that organizational structure actually impacts the organizational destination and the way people perceive themselves and their importance to the organization, traverse each other and behave i. e. working atmosphere that exists.(Brislin, 1993) Thus, in Green River company, people are brought in concert based on defined roles within the structure of the organization. The nature of the tasks to be done is a rife feature within this facility. Management, certain rules and relationships, identify goals and norms of behavior are established. Thus, Green Rivers organizational culture is very formal. As it was mentioned before, employees do not have a chance and stimulus to socially interact with each other, share their ideas and experience.It is possible to identify Green Rivers organizational culture as the one of total control and power from the center. At Aberdeen, in contrary, organizational culture is more people oriented, humanized and caring. This alleged(prenominal) human approach to management has resulted, in particular, in active interaction between employees, as well as in the fact that 30% of all employees were represented by women and 8% by minorities. It helped to create a positive image of the plant in the yes of Aberdeen community and people outside as well.

Remote Monitoring and Control System Essay Example for Free

Remote Monitoring and Control body auditionRemote Monitoring and Controlling System Based on ZigBee cyberspaces Soyoung Hwang and Donghui Yu* Department of Mul cadencedia Engineering, Catholic University of Pusan, southeastern Korea soyoung, dhyucup.ac.kr Abstract Thanks to the rapid teaching of information technology and the return of the Internet through risque speed webs, network environments work crimson been changed from finish office oriented environments found on business industries and general institutions to the interconnection of digital electronics in legal residence(a) networks. Home network based exercises be very versatile and the international monitoring and throw beas have been studied. Recently, ZigBee has become one of the most promising technologies for home networks. ZigBee is a specification for a suite of networking, credential and application software layers utilize petty(a), low- mogul, low info ordinate communication technology based on IEEE 802.15.4 standard for personal area networks. Moreover, owing to the rapid issue of mobile technology, highperformance smartphones are widespread and in increasing cases are utilized as a goal twist. In this paper, we propose the propose and implementation of a remote monitoring and maneuverling schema employ ZigBee networks. This body targets a home network. Web services and a smartphone are use for the client placement to monitor and control the home. Keywords remote monitoring, ZigBee networks, remote control, smartphone, web service1. IntroductionThanks to the rapid development of information technology and growth of the Internet through high speed networks, network environments have even been changed from office oriented environments based on business industries and public institutions to the interconnection of digital electronics in the home networks. Home network based applications are very diverse and the remote monitoring and control areas have been s tudied. Recently, ZigBee has become one of the most promising technologies for home networks. ZigBee is a specification for a suite of networking, security and application software layers using small, low-power, low data enumerate communication technology based on IEEE 802.15.4 standard for personal area networks. There have been various studies on ZigBee based home networks.To finish remote home automation based on ZigBee, implementation issues of home gateway and cunning nodes are proposed in 1. It presents hardware platform consideration and software implementation for each of them. Similarly, hardware design issues are discussed for various home devices such as radio receiver communications transceiver modules base, USB expansion base and control switches for electrical appliances in a room 2. Also, an effective architecture for dynamic integration of ad hoc ZigBee home network devices into OSGi (Open Service Gateway Initiative)-based home gateways is discussed. An ad hoc Zi gBee home network device is represented by a device proxy service in the proposed architecture so that it discount be dynamically registered, discovered, accessed and unregistered just like a common OSGi service 3. 4 gives a way to construct ZigBee wireless demodulator networks and implement remote monitoring and control by a GSM module. 5 describes the structure composition of the smart home system based on ZigBee and gives a system design concept and implementation approach.Moreover, owing to the rapid growth of mobile technology, highperformance smartphones are widespread and in increasing cases they are utilized as a terminal device. In this paper, we propose design and implementation of a remote monitoring and compulsory system using ZigBee networks. This system is targeting the home network. Web service and a smartphone are used for the client system to monitor and control the home. The remainder of this paper is organized as follows. In Section 2, IEEE 802.15.4 and ZigBee specifications are discussed as background technologies. Section 3 describes design issues of remote monitoring and controlling systems. Next, implementation results are include in Section 4. Finally, we conclude this paper in Section 5.2. Background Technologies2.1. IEEE 802.15.4 IEEE 802.15 is a working throng for the standardization of WPAN ( tuner Personal Area Network). IEEE 802.15.4 is one of the seven task groups which are included in it. The set-back edition of the 802.15.4 standard was released in May 2003. IEEE 802.15.4 specifies the physical layer (PHY) and media access control (MAC) for low-rate WPAN. WPANs are used to convey information over relatively short distances. It focuses on low-cost, low-speed ubiquitous communication between devices. irrelevant wireless topical anaesthetic area networks (WLANs), connections effected via WPANs involve little or no infrastructure. This feature allows small, power-efficient, low-cost solutions to be implemented for a wide race of devices. The basic framework conceives a 10-meter communication range with a transfer rate of 250 kbit/s.Important features include real-time suitability by reservation of guaranteed time slots, collision avoidance through CSMA/CA and integrated support for secure communications. Devices overly include power management functions such as link quality and energy detection 6. Several standardized and trademarked network layer protocols run over 802.15.4-based networks, including IEEE 802.15.5, ZigBee, 6LoWPAN, Wireless HART, and ISA100.11a. Potential application areas include the following sensors, actuators, synergistic toys, remote control, industry networks, home automation and so on. 2.2. ZigBee ZigBee is a standards-based technology that addresses the unique requirements of most remote monitoring and control and sensory network applications. ZigBee builds upon the physical layer and medium access control delimit in IEEE 802.15.4 for low-rate WPANs.The specification go es on to complete the standard by adding four main components network layer, application layer, ZigBee device objects (ZDOs) and manufacturer designated application objects which allow for customization and favor total integration. The initial markets for ZigBee included Consumer Electronics, aptitude Management and Efficiency, Health Care, Home Automation, Telecommunication Services, Building Automation, and Industrial Automation. The core ZigBee specifications define smart, costeffective and energy-efficient mesh networks. It is a self-configuring, self-healing system of redundant, low-cost, very low-power nodes. ZigBee is available as two feature sets, ZigBee PRO and ZigBee. Both feature sets define how the ZigBee mesh networks operate 7.2.3. Home Network Technologies A home network is a residential topical anesthetic area network (LAN) for communication between digital devices typically deployed in the home, usually a small number of personal computers and accessories, mobile computing devices, mobile phones, digital TVs, PDAs and so on. An important function is the manduction of Internet access, often a broadband service provisioned by fiber-to-the-home or via Cable Internet access, digital Subscriber Line (DSL) or mobile broadband by Internet service providers (ISPs).In a broader sense, it includes software and services for integration and operation of information appliances in addition to fit out or wireless network devices. Home networking technologies roll in the hay be classified into two kinds wired and wireless. The telephone, power-line, Ethernet and IEEE 1394 exist as wired home network technologies. As wireless home network technologies, wireless LAN, HomeRF, HyperLAN, Bluetooth, UWB (Ultra Wide Band) and ZigBee are representative. Since wireless networking solutions based on the spread of mobile devices have emerged they behind be applied to home networks also.3. inclination of Remote Monitoring and Controlling SystemThis section deals with the design of remote monitoring and controlling systems. To design a system, we considered a home automation network. The system architecture is presented in paradigm 1. contour 1. System Architecture The system consists of a real-time home monitoring sub-system and a light control subsystem. A home waiter with a home camera caters for home status through video to client. It also works as a home gateway to provide interoperability between the heterogeneous ZigBee and Internet and local and remote control over the homes light devices through the light control sub-system. A client give the axe access the home master of ceremonies through a web service or smartphone. The client can monitor home status through a real-time monitoring sub-system and control the lights through the3.1. Real-time Monitoring Sub-system The real-time monitoring sub-system captures images of the area of the home to be monitored and serves the client who accesses the server through the web or a smartpho ne.Figure 2. Operation Processes of Real-time Monitoring Sub-system Figure 2 shows the operation process of the real-time monitoring sub-system. The server finds a video device and captures images. Then, it generates captured data and transforms the data format for RTP communication. After that, it generates the session manager and streams media data to the client. A client using the web or a smartphone generates the session manager and connects to the server. Then, it receives media data and displays the video. In this way, the client can monitor the in-home status in real-time. 3.2. Light Control Sub-system Light control sub-system is composed of a server which works as a gateway, ZigBee coordinator, end-device, switch node and a light as shown in Figure 3.The operation of the sub-system is as follows. A client program maintains a user interface which contains an on/off control panel. A server which works as a gateway receives control commands from the client and relays the comm and to the ZigBee coordinator through the RS-232C serial communication. The coordinator relays the control command which is received form the server to the end device through RF communication. The end device receives the command from the coordinator and controls the port of the switch node. The switch node controls the switch of the light.ZigBee based remote controlling can be applied in several ways. In this paper, we considered a simple light control and follow it for a remote control sub-system.4. Implementation ResultsIn this section we discuss implementation results of a real-time remote monitoring and controlling system. The server contains a web-cam and the monitoring and controlling programs are implemented using Java. Web-based remote monitoring with video capture, data encoding and RTP communication are implemented using JMF (Java Media Framework) which is a multimedia extension API of Java. A client using web service can access the server after(prenominal) user authen tication. Of the ZigBee networks, we use two Chipcon CC2420DB evaluation boards with CC2420s (IEEE 802.15.4 radios) accompanying Z-Stack 8, 9, 10. One is configured as a coordinator and the other is configured as an end-device. When the coordinator starts, it initializes all internal ports and waits for control commands from the home server. If the home server sends a control command to the coordinator through the serial communication, the coordinator receives the command and sends it directly to the end-device through RF communication. The end device receives the control command from the coordinator and controls the switch node.Figure 4. Implementation Result using Web Service Figure 4 shows the implementation results using web service. A client can access the server after user log-in. The client can monitor the rooms status and control the lights. In the figure, the client turns off the light. The implementation results using a smartphone are shown in figure 5. The client program is implemented on the android platform.Figure 5. Implementation Result using Smartphone As shown in the results, a client can monitor the in-home status in real-time and send light control commands using the control departure on the smartphone.5. Concluding RemarksRecently, the home environment has seen a rapid introduction of networked digital technology. This technology offers advanced and exciting opportunities to increase the connectivity of devices within the home for the purpose of home automation. Moreover, with the rapid expansion of the Internet, there is the added probable for the remote control and monitoring of such networked devices. ZigBee has become one of the most promising technologies for home networks. ZigBee is a specification for a suite of networking, security and application software layers using small, low-power, low data rate communication technology based on IEEE 802.15.4 standard for personal area networks. Moreover, owing to the rapid growth of mobile technology, highperformance smartphones are widespread and in increasing cases they are being utilized as a terminal device.This paper proposes design and implementation of a remote monitoring and controlling system based on ZigBee networks. Real-time remote monitoring is implemented with JMF which is a multimedia extension API of Java. The remote controlling is implemented using ZigBee networks. The client program in a smartphone is implemented on the android platform. Clients can monitor their homes and send light control commands using the web or a smartphone. This system can be applied in many areas such as elderly protecting systems, cultural hereditary pattern or forest fire monitoring systems, managing systems for agricultural cultivation and so on. As a emerging work, we consider expansion of the system using various sensors and actuators.References1 Z. Shunyang X. Du, J. Yongping and W. Riming, Realization of Home Remote Control Network Based on ZigBee, Proceedings of the 8th International throng on Electronic Measurement and Instruments, (2007), imposing 16-18, Xian, China. 2 A Fang, X. Xu, W. Yang and L. Zhang, The Realization of Intelligent Home by ZigBee Wireless Network Technology, Proceedings of the 2009 Pacific-Asia Conference on Circuit, Communications and System, (2009), May 16-17, Chengdu, China. 3 Y. Ha, Dynamic Integration of Zigbee Home Networks into Home Gateways Using OSGi Service cash register, IEEE Transactions on Consumer Electronics, vol. 55, no. 2, (2009). 4 J. W. H. Qin, The role of Wireless Intelligent Home System Base on ZigBee, Proceedings of the 11th International Conference on Communication Technology, (2008), November 10-12, Hangzhou, China. 5 D. Yan and Z. Dan, ZigBee-based Smart Home System Design, Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Advanced Computer Theory and Engineering, (2010), August 20-22, Chengdu, China. 6 IEEE 802.15.4 Wireless medium access control (MAC) and physical layer (PHY)specification for low-rate wireless personal area networks (WPANs), (2006). 7 ZigBee Specification,(2008), Document 053474r17,ZigBee Alliance. 8 Figure 8 Wireless, ZigBee Implementers Guide, (2005). 9 Figure 8 Wireless, Z-Stack Users Guide for the CC2420DB Board, (2005). 10 Figure 8 Wireless, Z-Stack/Z-Tool attendant Port Interface, (2005).

Therapeutic Cloning Essay Example for Free

remedial re- compel EssayIntroduction Cloning is the practice of creating a genetically the same copy of an pilot program creature. And although it seems like twentieth-century idea, re- nominate is actually a part of natural processes, and had taken place many decades in the beginning though it was attainable. Since a variant of the re-create process plays much(prenominal) a large role in stem therapies, its worth taking a look at how copy processes work (Cohen, 2002). to the highest degree public attention has been foc routined on the ara called generative clone reproducing an entire creature be it frog, sheep, dog, or human being. As the twenty-first century unfolds, it is far more likely that what has been called therapeutic clone cloning used to cure disease is going to direct a more immediate sham on all our lives. Your chances of getting a cloned liver atomic number 18 greater than your chances of seeing a cloned you (Avise, 2004). redress Cloning Relativ e to genetic testing, therapeutic cloning is a engine room very much in its infancy. Whereas we can plausibly predict, that genetic testing methods and the scope of such tests provide dramatically improve in the proximate untimely, a like projection in the case of therapeutic cloning is more of a stretch. This view notwithstanding, analysis of current regulation of therapeutic cloning does make something to gain from postulating a future world in which therapeutic cloning is in clinical occupation (Savulescu Hendrick, 2003). One likely application of therapeutic cloning is in the treatment of leukemia, and more broadly in various types of waver paper and pipe organ transplantation. Therapeutic cloning is burning(prenominal) for four seasons. First, there is a shortage of tissue for transplantation. Second, there are problems with compatibility of transplanted tissue do another individual, requiring immunosuppressive therapy with serious side effects. Cloned tissue would be compatible without the pathogenic risks of xenotransplants. Third, the role of transplantation might be expanded to include common diseases such as smell attack and stroke. Fourth, cloning may prove to be a cost-efficient means of preventing disability and morbidity, and of promoting dispersive justice (Shannon, 2005). In considering the honourable aspects of therapeutic cloning there are two separate issues should embryos produced during in vitro fertilization (IVF), which would otherwise be discarded, be available for research (with the consent of the couple who produced them) and, should we deliberately create embryos for use in research? It is difficult to argue against using embryos that would otherwise be discarded. The main honourable issue raised by both the production of ES cells and therapeutic cloning, is that of destroying embryos for the purposed of research or tissue for transplantation.If the embryo is considered to have a moral status similar to, say, a child, them embryo research would unremarkably be wrong. On this view, IVF and almost any termination of pregnancy would also be wrong. A little absolute position would be that what is wrong with destroying embryos is a need to respect human life in general. But that wrong need to be balanced against the value of such research. Furthermore, for every live birth, up to five embryos go forth miscarry. In attempting to have a child by natural conception, we implicitly stick out that this loss is a price worth counterbalanceing to produce a new life. If the loss of embryos is an unimpeachable price to pay to produce a new life, is it not also an acceptable price to pay to save an existing life (Avise, 2004)?Tissue Therapy via Therapeutic Cloning More than 40 years advance since Joseph Murray and his colleagues at a Boston hospital successfully transplanted a kidney between identical twins. This landmark burn up was later extended by the aesculapian community to other organs (e.g., hea rt, liver, lung, and pancreas) and to transplants involving more distant relatives and orthogonal individuals.Transplants between unrelated individuals are especially challenging because, unless ameliorative actions are taken, the immune system of a transplant recipient sooner or later rejects the alien cells. To alleviate this problem, giver and recipient typically are matched as closely as possible for genes underlying immune responses, and immune-suppressive drugs also are administered. such procedures are fairly common and have saved many lives. Nonetheless, modern transplantation surgery cadaver risky due to inherent immunological intolerances of forbearings to foreign tissue (Cohen, 2002). Thus, many research professionals are raise about therapeutic cloning, a new genetically modified (GM) approach that in theory should repress the immunorejection problem. In this procedure, genes in cells to be transplanted originate from the patient, who therefore serves in effect as both giver and recipient. Because the donor and recipient tissues have identical genotypes, presumably the immune system would not recognize the introduce tissue alien. Another reason for enthusiasm about therapeutic cloning is that this research gives scientists welcome opportunities for fundamental research on human genetic disorders as they unfold during cell and tissue suppuration (Bellomo, 2006). The caprice of therapeutic cloning for tissue or organ reconstruction in humans traces to the development of nuclear-transfer cloning methods for sheep and other farm animals. As applied to human cells, the procedure might work as follows A fitted cell is removed from a patient and its nucleus is inserted physically into an enucleated eggs. The egg therefore begins to spawn in a test tube, and, from the developing circumstances, pluripotent cells (those that possess a capacity to differentiate into multiple tissue types) are induced to grow replacement cells need by the pati ent.Nerve cells might be liberal to treat Alzheimers disease or spinal cord injuries, genuflect cells could be used to mending burn damage, retinal cells for macular degeneration, pancreatic cells for diabetes, hematopoietic cells for leukemia, neuroglia cells for multiple sclerosis, and so on. When returned to the patients consistence the cloned cells in such tissues or organs ideally would repair or replace the damaged system part, without evoking immunological rejections (Avise, 2004). Several technical challenges moldiness be everywherecome before this approach is medically viable. First, nuclear transfer (NT) techniques developed for farm animals will have to be improved and adapted to our species. Second, cells in the proliferating mass must be generated in such a flair that they indeed are pluripotent at the outset. Third, the developmental potential of those flexible cells because must be channeled to produce the specialized kind of tissue that the patient requires. Fourth, methods must be devised to put those now-dedicated cells together properly to make therapeutically useful tissue or organ.This may take place naturally when the cells are placed in a patients body, or in some cases it may be accomplished initially in vitro. For example, replacement skin tissue for burn victims might be constructed by seeding the cloned cells onto sheets of a polymeric scaffolding substance. Finally, tissue therapy must be conducted such that the cloned cells do no harm when returned to the patient. It would be disastrous, for example, if even a few cells in the transplanted tissue began to divide in an unregulated, cancerous fashion (Shannon, 2005). Of course, ethical issues will have to be intercommunicate as well. When the initial oocyte created by NT begins to divide into two cells, then four, then eight, and so on, when does the cloned mass bring forth a new human being worthy of protection under the law? Opponents of therapeutic cloning often contend that an individual arises at the exact moment that the first appears, such that any generate of an early cell mass, even for medical purposes, is tantamount to slaughter.Proponents of therapeutic cloning view this notion as nonsense. How, they as, can a few amorphous cells be granted legal rights that take precedence all over those of sentient human beings is desperate need of cell therapy? Remarkably, in US society, most of the debate over the possible legalization of therapeutic cloning hinges on this one emotion-laden philosophical issue (Bellomo, 2006). In such public discussions, a common error (or often, an intentional argumentative ploy) is to equate therapeutic cloning with reproductive cloning. Although the initial laboratory steps in the two procedures are identical both begin by inserting a cell nucleus into an unfertilized egg that is where the similarity ends. In reproductive cloning, the GM egg would be re-implanted in the womb and allowed to grow into a fetus and baby, the intent being to generate a fully functional and independent human being genetically identical to its predecessor. In therapeutic cloning, the early clump of pre-implantation cells that comes from the GM egg would be grown in vitro and used to produce replacement tissues for medical rehabilitation (Avise, 2004).Elimination or Treating Heritable Diseases via Therapeutic Cloning Although therapeutic cloning does not create an entire organism to develop in utero and live life outside the womb, one motivation for reproductive cloning might be therapeutic. Reproductive cloning could allow genetic engineer interventions to correct big genes before they have a chance to exert detrimental effects. Correction at the earliest pegleg would also free germ or reproductive cells and hence subsequent generations from carrying the defective gene (Savulescu Hendrick, 2003). reliable genetic disorders may enhance certain universal human vulnerabilities, such as those to infection, blee ding, and aging. Beyond change magnitude these, everyone has inherited vulnerability to some disease or diseases. We would all like to be free from the flagellum of heart disease, cancer, diabetes, hypertension, and Alzheimers disease. Therapeutic cloning might substantially improve the treatment for these diseases since therapy for these is currently extra by the availability or immunocompatibility of tissue transplants (Avise, 2004). Among the genetic disorders, some are so highly transmissible and horrific that we might wish to employ reproductive cloning to enable the use of genetic engineering to correct the defective gene. That would free the clone and all subsequent generations from their ravaging impact (Savulescu Hendrick, 2003). However, reproductive cloning is an inefficient and error-probe process that results in the failure of most clones during development. For a donor nucleus to support development it must properly activate genes important for early embryonic dev elopment, it must properly activate genes important for early embryonic development and suppress differentiation-associated genes that were transcribed in the original donor cell. Inadequate reprogramming of the donor nucleus is thought to be the principal reason for the developmental loss of most clones. In contrast, reprogramming errors do not appear to interfere with therapeutic cloning, because the process appears to select for functional cells (Shannon, 2005).Ethics of Therapeutic Cloning Can therapeutic cloning be ethically tolerable? Debates about the theory of proportionality, the slippery side and the principle of subsidiarity here center again in a little dissimilar way (Savulescu Hendrick, 2003). It is uncertain whether the principle of proportionality offers a believable a priori opposition against therapeutic cloning. If it is well thought-out suitable to make embryos for study aiming cryopreservation of oocytes in vitro maturation of oocytes and the like, then it is contradictory to decline therapeutic cloning in advance as being disproportional (Avise, 2004). A consequentialist opposition, as a slippery-slope disagreement, is that therapeutic cloning will unavoidably calculate to reproductive cloning. This objection firstly presumes that reproductive cloning is of necessity and categorically wrong, a premise still debated. Clearly, it would be premature, if not criminally irresponsible, in view of the serious health risks for children conceived by cloning to start clinical trials on reproductive cloning right now. But what if, somewhere in the future, these risks could be controlled? Would cloning then still be entirely baseless even if it were safe then it is practical to exclude reproductive cloning, and not to forbid other, non-reproductive, relevance of cloning (Bellomo, 2006). Are there suitable alternatives to therapeutic cloning? First, it is important to note that therapeutic cloning strictu sensu, starting with the first clinical trials, will not come up soon. Much basic research is needed, about the question whether it will be possible to control the differentiation of human embryonic stem (hES) cells in vitro. This study can, and ought to, be do with additional IVF embryos. At the same time, research into potential embryo-saving alternatives for therapeutic cloning should be stimulated.For the relative ethical examination it is once more essential to evade the drawback of one-dimensionality. Amongst others, the following options are suggested in the literature a) the use of adult stem cells b) transferring a human somatic cell nucleus into an enucleated animal egg and c) the direct reprogramming of adult cells, i.e., to reprogram an adult cell to make it revert to it unspecialized state so that it can then be influenced to develop into a specific type of tissue (this involves the development of undifferentiated cells without the need to create an embryo) (Shannon, 2005).Summary and Conclusion Cloning can be divided into therapeutic and reproductive cloning. Therapeutic cloning is the use of cloning technology to produce, for example, tissues for transplantation to people with disease. Reproductive cloning is cloning to produce a liveborn offspring (Avise, 2004). The possibility of therapeutic cloning focuses on the concept of stem cells. Stem cells have the ability to develop into different mature cell types. Totipotent stem cells are cells with the potential to form a complete animal if placed in a uterus. They are early embryos. Pluripotent stem cells are immature stem cells with the potential to develop into any of the mature cell types in the adult (liver, lung, skin, line of credit etc.), but cannot by themselves form a complete animal if placed in a uterus. human beings embryonic stem (ES) cell lines obtained from the inner cell mass of the blastocyst or pre-implantation embryo have recently been established. ES cells are pluripotent. Possible future clinical applications of human ES cell technology include hemopoietic repopulation (bone marrow transplant) treatment of diseases or spinal cord disgrace screening of drugs and as vectors for gene therapy (Cohen, 2002). We should distinguish reproductive cloning with a therapeutic intent from therapeutic cloning to produce stem cells. Most of us are familiar with the nightmare scenario of reproductively cloning a person in order to use him as possession for economise parts. Parents who conceive children in the accept that the new child would be a good match immunologically to donate an organ needed by an existing child contribute to this image. With a child cloned from the original, there would be no doubt that the needed organ would perfectly match the recipient immunologically. Creating a person to be a source of spare parts is not what therapeutic cloning is about (Bellomo, 2006). Therapeutic cloning provides hope for cures or fracture medical treatment for people with many diseases. These include ma ny of the genetic disorders for which reproductive cloning with a therapeutic intent might be entertained, but they also include diseases that are not necessarily genetic. A therapeutic cloning, cells are extracted from an embryo to clone specific bodily tissues for medical use, particularly transplantation. causa I or juvenile diabetes is one example of a disease that might be cured by therapeutic cloning to produce stem cells. Without contradiction, we can condemn reproductive cloning and at the same time, if we choose, support research with embryonic stem cells (Cohen, 2002).ReferencesAvise, J. C. (2004). The Hope, Hype Reality of Genetic Engineering notable Stories from Agriculture, Industry, Medicine and the Environment. New York Oxford University Press US.Bellomo, M. (2006). The Stem Cell Divide The Facts, the Fiction, and the Fear Driving the Greatest Scientific, Political, and ghostly Debate of Our Time AMACOM Div American Mgmt Assn.Cohen, D. (2002). Cloning. Brookfield , Connecticut Twenty-First Century Books.Savulescu, J., Hendrick, J. (2003). Medical Ethics and Law The karyon Curriculum. New York Elsevier Health Sciences.Shannon, T. A. (2005). Genetics Science, Ethics, and Public Policy a Reader. New York Rowman Littlefield.