Isaac Perez Essays - Culture, Arts, Literature, Characters In Hamlet

Isaac Perez English 102 1) Hamlets most notable traits are that he is thoughtful, he's doubtful, he is full of hatred for his uncle, and at times known for impulsive behavior. I see these traits as both positive and negative. Hamlet was looking for revenge for the death of his father and once he found out who it was he knew he had to kill him. These traits helped him fulfill his revenge against his uncle but they also made him get banished form Denmark. 2) 3) I do think that Hamlet is a sympathetic character because he wants revenge for what his uncle did to his dad and mom, and that revenge drives him to want to kill him. Hamlet is also a young character and he feels that he has to kill his uncle because if he doesn't he will live on knowing that he did nothing to avenge the death of his parents. The only part that I find myself disagreeing with Hamlet is when he finds his uncle praying and he doesn't kill him then and there and thats where I disagree with him. I think he should have just killed him there even though he was praying and possibly could have avoided his mother dying as well. 4) Hamlet gets mad at Ophelia because she lies to him, she tells Hamlet that her father is at home when Hamlet knows that is not true and, he also knows that Ophelia is spying on him for her father and whatever he tells her, Ophelia's father will find out. It doesn't really change my view for him because Hamlet has been through a lot with he finding out who killed his father and Ophelia lying to I feel like it's a lot to handle for him because he is so young. 5) Hamlet has changed a lot since he returned to the castle.

Definition of Literacy Test

Definition of Literacy Test   A literacy test measures a person’s proficiency in reading and writing. Beginning in the 19th century, literacy tests were used in the voter registration process in southern states of the U.S. with the intent to disenfranchise black voters. In 1917, with the passing of the Immigration Act, literacy tests were also included in the U.S. immigration process, and are still used today. Historically, literacy tests have served to legitimize racial and ethnic marginalization in the U.S. HISTORY OF RECONSTRUCTION AND JIM CROW ERA Literacy tests were introduced into the voting process in the South with the Jim Crow laws. Jim Crow laws were state and local laws and statutes enacted by southern and border states in the late 1870s to deny African Americans the right to vote in the South following Reconstruction (1865-1877). They were designed to keep whites and blacks segregated, to disenfranchise black voters, and to keep blacks subjugated, undermining the 14th and 15th Amendments of the United States Constitution. Despite the ratification of the 14th Amendment in 1868, granting citizenship to all persons born or naturalized in the United States which included former slaves, and the ratification of the 15th Amendment in 1870, which specifically gave African Americans the right to vote, Southern and Border states continued to find ways to keep racial minorities from voting. They used electoral fraud and violence to intimidate African American voters, and created Jim Crow laws to promote racial segregation. During the twenty years following Reconstruction, African Americans lost many of the legal rights that had been gained during Reconstruction. Even the Supreme Court of the United States â€Å"helped undermine the Constitutional protections of blacks with the infamous Plessy v. Ferguson (1896) case, which legitimized Jim Crow laws and the Jim Crow way of life.† In this case, the Supreme Court maintained that public facilities for blacks and whites could be â€Å"separate but equal.† Following this decision, it soon became the law throughout the South that public facilities had to be separate. Many of the changes made during Reconstruction proved to be short-lived, with the Supreme Court continuing to uphold racial discrimination and segregation in its decisions, thus giving southern states free reign to impose literacy tests and all manner of voting restrictions on prospective voters, discriminating against black voters. But racism was not just recurring in the South. Although the Jim Crow Laws were a Southern phenomenon, the sentiment behind them was a national one. There was a resurgence of racism in the North as well and â€Å" emerging national, indeed international, consensus (among whites at any rate) that Reconstruction had been a serious mistake. LITERACY TESTS AND VOTING RIGHTS Some states, such as Connecticut, used literacy tests in the mid-1800s to keep Irish immigrants from voting, but Southern states didn’t use literacy tests until after Reconstruction in 1890, sanctioned by the federal government, where they were used well into the 1960s. They were used ostensibly to test the voters ability to read and write, but in reality to discriminate against African American voters and sometimes poor whites. Since 40-60% of blacks were illiterate, compared to 8-18% of whites, these tests had a large differential racial impact. Southern states also imposed other standards, all of which were arbitrarily set by the test administrator. Those who were property owners or whose grandfathers had been able to vote   (â€Å"grandfather clause†),   those deemed to have â€Å"good character,† or those who paid poll taxes were able to vote. Because of these impossible standards, â€Å"in 1896, Louisiana had 130,334 registered black voters. Eight years later, only 1,342, 1 percent, could pass the state’s new rules.†Ã‚  Even in areas where the black population was substantially greater, these standards kept the white voting population in the majority. The administration of literacy tests was unfair and discriminatory. â€Å"If the official wanted a person to pass, he could ask the easiest question on the test- for example, Who is the president of the United States?† The same official might require a black person to answer every single question correctly, in an unrealistic amount of time, in order to pass.†Ã‚  It was up to the test administrator whether the prospective voter passed or failed, and even if a black man was well-educated, he would most likely fail, because â€Å"the test was created with failure as a goal.† Even if a potential black voter knew all the answers to the questions, the official administering the test could still fail him. Literacy tests were not declared unconstitutional in the South until ninety-five years after the15th Amendment was ratified, by the passage of the Voting Rights Act of 1965. Five years later, in 1970, Congress abolished literacy tests and discriminatory voting practices nationwide, and as a result, the number of registered African American voters increased dramatically. ACTUAL LITERACY TESTS In 2014 a group of Harvard University students was asked to take the 1964 Louisiana Literacy Test to raise awareness about voting discrimination.   The test is similar to those given in other Southern states since Reconstruction to potential voters who could not prove they had a fifth grade education. In order to be able to vote, a person had to pass all 30 questions in 10 minutes. All of the students failed under those conditions, because the test was meant to be failed. The questions have nothing at all to do with the U.S. Constitution and are completely nonsensical. You can try the test yourself here.    LITERACY TESTS AND IMMIGRATION In the late 19th century many people wanted to restrict the influx of immigrants to the U.S. due to increased problems of urbanization and industrialization such as crowding, lack of housing and jobs, and urban squalor. It was during this time that the idea of using literacy tests to control the number of immigrants able to enter the United States, particularly those from southern and eastern Europe, was formed. However, it took those who advocated for this approach many years to try to convince lawmakers and others that immigrants were the â€Å"cause† of many of America’s social and economic maladies. Finally, in 1917, Congress passed the Immigration Act, also known as the Literacy Act (and Asiatic Barred Zone Act), which included a literacy test that is still a requirement for becoming a U.S. citizen today. The Immigration Act demanded that those who were over the age of 16 and could read some language must read 30-40 words to show they were capable of reading. Those who were entering the U.S. to avoid religious persecution from their country of origin did not have to pass this test. The literacy test that is part of the Immigration Act of 1917 included only a few languages available to immigrants. This meant that if their native language was not included, they could not prove they were literate, and were denied entry. Beginning in 1950, immigrants could legally only take the literacy test in English, further limiting those who could gain entry to the United States. Besides demonstrating the ability to read, write, and speak English, immigrants also have to display knowledge of U.S. history, government, and civics. English literacy tests have effectively been used in the U.S. as a means to keep immigrants   that the government deemed unwanted out of the country, for the tests are demanding and rigorous.   Would you be able to pass them? REFERENCES 1.Jim Crow Museum of Racist Memorabilia, Ferris State University, 2.Foner, Eric., The Supreme Court and the History of Reconstruction and Vice-VersaColumbia Law Review, November 2012, 1585-1606ericfoner.com/articles/SupCtRec.html 3.4. Techniques of Direct Disenfranchisement 1880-1965,   University of Michigan, umich.edu/~lawrace/disenfranchise1.htm 4. Constitutional Rights Foundation, A Brief History of Jim Crow, crf-usa.org/black-history-month/a-brief-history-of-jim-crow 5. The Rise and Fall of Jim Crow, PBS, pbs.org/wnet/jimcrow/voting_literacy.html 6. Ibid. 7. http://epublications.marquette.edu/dissertations/AAI8708749/ RESOURCES AND FURTHER READING Alabama Literacy Test, 1965, pbs.org/wnet/jimcrow/voting_literacy.html Constitutional Rights Foundation, A Brief History of Jim Crow, crf-usa.org/black-history-month/a-brief-history-of-jim-crow Foner, Eric, The Supreme Court and the History of Reconstruction and Vice-Versa Columbia Law Review, November 2012, 1585-1606ericfoner.com/articles/SupCtRec.html Head, Tom, 10 Racist US Supreme Court Rulings, ThoughtCo., March 03, 2017, https://www.thoughtco.com/racist-supreme-court-rulings-721615 Jim Crow Museum of Racist Memorabilia, Ferris State University, ferris.edu/jimcrow/what.htm Onion, Rebecca, Take the Impossible â€Å"Literacy† Test Louisiana Gave Black Voters in the 1960s, slate.com/blogs/the_vault/2013/06/28/voting_rights_and_the_supreme_court_the_impossible_literacy_test_louisiana.html PBS, The Rise and Fall of Jim Crow, pbs.org/wnet/jimcrow/voting_literacy.html Schwartz, Jeff, CORE’s Freedom Summer, 1964 - My Experiences in Louisiana, crmvet.org/nars/schwartz.htm Weisberger, Mindy, Immigration Act of 1917 Turns 100: Americas Long History of Immigration Prejudice, LiveScience, Feb. 5, 2017, livescience.com/57756-1917-immigration-act-100th-anniversary.html

American presidency Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

American presidency - Assignment Example This database should be broad enough to allow for online and instantaneous retrieval of information, in order to extirpate lies from the debate. The failure to introduce a form of fact-check will leave the public vulnerable to lies despite the gravity of the debate. For instance, Romney charged wrongly that the 716 billion dollars in healthcare reductions would proceed from current beneficiaries. Romney’s charge that Obama used 716 billion dollars to facilitate the Obamacare may be at least dishonest since even Romney’s running mate, Rep. Paul Ryan introduced similar source of revenue in his annual budget plans. Likewise, House Republicans had voted in favor of similar plans in 2010. In a closely related wavelength, Romney included the excision of the Independent Payment Advisory Board as a way of eliminating excessive spending. Although the House voted against the board in March 2012, the Senate has not yet effected the decision of the House. Under the 201o Healthcare Reform Act, the board does not recommend the rationing of healthcare services, increment of premiums, or deductions for healthcare beneficiaries as Romney charged (Cohen, 1). The likeable aspect of the format that was used is its interactive aspect. The interactive aspect was not merely underscored by the facilitation of the answer-question exchange between the presidential contenders and the head of the Commission on Presidential Debates, but by allowing the contenders to ask each other questions and to query each other on policy frameworks. This is instrumental in pointing out the lacunae in policy frameworks and understanding the tenability of the same frameworks. Clearly, the three takeaway points from the debate are: the jobs that needed to be created en masse; the healthcare system which Obama felt needed to be made egalitarian and public-centered as opposed to Romney who wants its spending assuaged; and the economy which Obama wants strengthened

INTERPERSONAL AND ORGANIZATION COMMUNICATION Essay

INTERPERSONAL AND ORGANIZATION COMMUNICATION - Essay Example In this group summary, the most important concepts that were learned as part of the assigned topic and how these can be implemented in a real world situation have been outlined. With different contributions coming from group members, the three most important concepts that became recurring in the individual works of members were etiquette, Johari Window and interpersonal communication. As members of a typical organization interact with people, it is important that a very high sense of etiquette be showed so that there can be harmony in their existence as there was between David and Jonathan in the bible. Joharu window is also necessary for ensuring high level of trust and group learning through the use of effective feedback system (The Johari Window, 2015). Interpersonal communication has also been found to be an effective way of promoting group understanding and cohesion (Satterlee, 2013). Collectively, these three concepts can guarantee peaceful coexistence and mutual respect that is based on trust. There are SMART (specific, measurable, achievable, relevant, and time bound) objectives that any organization can set for itself based on the three concepts which are etiquette, Johari Window and interpersonal communication. In terms of etiquettes, the organization can set an objective of recording less than three cases of customer dissatisfaction reports in a month. The use of Johari window could also come with them objective of recording higher customer rating based on a standardized measure of trust. Lastly, interpersonal communication could be used with the objective of maintaining high level of employer-employee, employee-employee, and employee-customer communication. Before the applications that have been discussed above can be realized, it is important that there are will be very specific strategies that an organization considered and implements. To sum the expected outcomes for all the three concepts, it would be said that using

Share Price Report Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Share Price Report - Essay Example Therefore; this study will provide a sharp insight of Tesco plc and Morrison (Wm) Supermarkets PLC as discussed. 1. A plot of the share price of the project companies (Tesco plc and Morrison (Wm) Supermarkets PLC) over the study period relative to movements in the FTSE 100 index. Source: Author Source: Author 2. Assess major economic and other events that have affected these companies and their share price over the project period (1st October 2012 – 22nd March 2013). Tesco supermarket operates under the parent Tesco private limited company that operates supermarkets and 5 hypermarkets. The supermarket operates under retail industry and offer products such as clothes, toys, Groceries, music, electric products to mention just but a few. The company reported revenue of 3.15 billion pounds as at 2008.Additionally the profit margin was reported to rise by 9.5% in the subsequent periods (The Telegraph, 2013). This increase was attributed to its large market share of non-food items c ausing the prices and the value of its shares to rise. In above connection, Tesco Company had shown great improvements with respect to its shares prices. This could have been attributed to adoption of online trade making it possible for Tesco supermarket to reach numerous customers within a shortest time possible (The Telegraph. 2013). On the other hand, Morrison (Wm) Supermarket is the public limited company that operates in retail industry with its headquarters in the United Kingdom. Additionally, the company offers variety of products such; food stuffs, wines, health products, spirits, furnitures, entertainment items pharmacy items to mention just but a few. It has been reported that Morrison supermarket is the fourth largest super market after Tesco and is among FTSE 100 index. Morrison (Wm) Supermarket reported revenue of 18.116 billion pounds in 2013 and a net income of 647 billion pounds (The Telegraph, 2013). Morrison share prices have been influenced by market forces, econo mic factors such as recession, competitors and technology employed causing a fluctuation on its share prices as shown in table 1.2 at the end of text. According to The Telegraph, 2013, the company was planning to employ grocery technology in order to increase its efficiency, it is predicted that application of grocery technology will help to improve its stocks performance (The Telegraph, 2013). 3. Discuss factors which have affected the sector as a whole. Economic condition was reported to affect performance of the retail sectors more significantly. For instance, the 2008 economic recession was still felt in 2012 and 2013. Such condition may have impacted significantly causing the two supermarkets to increase prices of food staffs (Yahoo finance, 2013). This further caused share prices for both Tesco and Morrison supermarkets to decline making the value of shares to fall. On the other hand, government and market regulations may have impacted on share prices. Whereby, government may increase corporate taxes, making the company to experience low returns. This may consequently cause a negative influence to the entire sector. Connectively, unfavourable political climate may negatively influence shares price due to uncertainty (Puxty, Dodds and Wilson, 1988). 4. Compare and contrast these events and share price movements in these companies with what has happened to the comparator company (Sainsbury (J) PLC) over the project

Overview Of Tourism In Malaysia Tourism Essay

Overview Of Tourism In Malaysia Tourism Essay This chapter is designed to provide an overview to tourism in Malacca and the background of Jonker Street. It is divided into few sections to explain about culture as a factor for travel among tourists, tourism situation in Malacca, background of Jonker Street, problem statement, research objectives, significance of study, limitations of study, definition of terms, methodology as well as research organization. Overview of tourism in Malaysia Tourism sector in Malaysia is the second largest economic contributor to the countrys Gross Domestic Product after oil and gas production. Authorities has been giving attention to this sector as it helps in generating employment opportunities, increasing economic revenue as well as creating the opportunity for development. Malaysia is a country that boasts with its natural environment such as sandy beaches, tropical islands, national parks and mountains, which one of it is known as Southeast Asias highest mountain Mount Kinabalu that is situated in the state of Sabah. Furthermore, Malaysia is home to a mixture of unique identities, featuring multi-racial and multi-ethnic communities; hence, Malaysia has become a country rich in culture, arts and traditions. Over the years, this industry in Malaysia has its ups and downs in tourist arrivals and receipts (refer to table 1), due to economic downturn and natural disasters. The most significant decline in number of tourists was experienced in year 2003 when an outbreak of disease Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome [SARS] hit the world environment. However, despite facing the world economic recession in year 2008 and H1N1 flu disease in 2009, tourist arrivals to Malaysia continued to grow by 57.32% which is from 15.7 million tourists in year 2004 to 24.7 million tourists in year 2011. Table 1: Tourist Arrivals to Malaysia from 2002 to 2011 Year Tourist Arrival (million) Tourism Receipts (RM billion) 2002 13.2 25.8 2003 10.5 21.3 2004 15.7 29.7 2005 16.4 32.0 2006 17.4 36.3 2007 20.9 46.1 2008 22.0 49.6 2009 23.6 53.4 2010 24.6 56.5 2011 24.7 58.3 Source: Tourism Malaysia (2012) Cultural Tourism in Malaysia In todays world of travel, the process of learning and experiencing different cultures has been cited as a common and growing factor for travel among tourists (Lynch, Duinker, Sheehan, Chute, 2011). This factor was not a favourite among tourists when a poll was conducted in the 1980s at the country of United States by Lou Harris, however, in the 1990s, citing visiting cultural, historical and archaeological treasures was important to most of the surveys respondents (Lord, 1999). This occurrence indicates that cultural tourism has long been in demand from the tourists perspective. According to Richards (2007), cultural tourism has the potential to be a new form of alternative tourism among local and international tourists. Therefore, cultural tourism is now a widespread tourism phenomenon. Cultural tourists seek authenticity in their travel (MacCannell, 1973), hence, it is important for a destination to preserve its own unique identity. Malaysia is a country rich of natural beauty and cultural diversity. As more tourists are into the notion of traveling for the purpose of learning other cultures, Malaysias promotional board, Tourism Malaysia, has created the slogan Malaysia, Truly Asia as an effort to attract tourists. Besides, Malacca has also created the slogan Visit Historic Melaka Means Visit Malaysia (Hamzah, 2004). Cultural tourism has become a factor that has lured tourist arrivals to Malaysia and had turned out to be a potential form of alternative tourism for both international and domestic tourists (Mohamed, 2005). Two out of thirteen states in Malaysia are popular destination for cultural tourism, which are Malacca and Penang that has gained listings into UNESCO Heritage List on 8th July 2008. Malacca and Penang both share similarities regards to elements of heritage in the state. For example, both cities depend on historical colonial buildings of the city as main physical attraction for promoting tourism (Ismail, Baum, Kokranikkal, n.d.). Besides, these two cities are located along the Straits of Melaka and were important trading port in the past, had illustrated the multi-culturalism it possesses in the city. (explain the stats) 1.3 Overview of tourism in Malacca For this cultural tourism study, the city of Malacca has been chosen as the studys destination due to the fact that is has been the focal point of Malaysias history. On 15th April 1989, Malacca was then declared as a Historical City to promote its image as a historic tourism destination in Malaysia and was seen as an effort to zone land for tourism and urban conservation (Ismail et al., n.d.). Malacca together with Georgetown Penang has gained listings into UNESCOs (United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization) World Heritage List in its Culture Category as Historic Cities of the Straits of Malacca in year 2008 due to its historical and cultural factors. Among the criteria that has made Malacca into the list are representing the multicultural trading town in East and Southeast Asia; tangible and intangible multi-cultural living heritage whereby different Asian religions, ethnic, language, dance, costumes, art, food and music coexisted; reflects a unique blend of Asian and European colonial influences on its architecture, townscape and culture, especially, its shop houses and townhouses with some originating in the Dutch and Portuguese periods (UNESCO, n.d.). However, in order to keep the title of being a World Heritage Site, Malacca has to conserve, preserve, and sustain the true unique, beautiful historical and cultural parts of Malacca. Malacca has divided its tourism sector to 12 different subsectors and each subsector has its own unique selling point. Two of the main subsectors in Malaccas tourism context, is heritage tourism and cultural tourism. This is due to the fact that Malacca is a state rich with multicultural society and surviving artefacts that dates back into the 15th century. For instance, Malacca has a mix community of Baba and Nyonya, Kristang (Portuguese-Eurasian or Portuguese-Malaccan), Chitty, Chinese, Malay and Indian; each with its unique cultural identity. Hence, it can be summarized that tourism activities that is based on heritage and culture is significant in Malacca because besides historical aspects, Malacca also has the uniqueness of tangible and intangible cultural heritage which is not available in any other states in Malaysia, for example the Dutch Square and AFamosa. Figure : Tourist Arrivals in Malacca Source: (Melaka-Tourism-Promotion-Division, 2012) Figure 1 shows numbers of tourist arrivals to Malacca for the past 5 years. Before the declaration of Malacca as a UNESCO World Heritage Site, tourist arrivals recorded by the Melaka Tourism Promotion Division (refer to figure 1) was as much as 6,023,311 people in year 2007. However, despite facing world economic recession in year 2008 and 2009, Malacca after the UNESCO declaration, tourist arrivals has shot up by 19.62% to the number of 7,205,492 tourists in year 2008 and an increase of 23.59% by year 2009 with a total of 8,905,273 tourists. The increase in numbers of tourist arrivals has shown that Malacca has the attractions that could catch the attention of tourists who are mostly domestic tourists. After the world economic crisis, tourism was projected to rebound strongly in year 2010 and 2011 in international tourist arrivals and receipts (Kapiki, 2011). Conversely, in year 2010 and 2011, although there is an increase in the number of tourist arrivals, it is noticed that the number had increase by a smaller percentage. For instance, tourist arrivals in year 2010 has an increase by 16.28% compared to arrivals in year 2009; and 17.49% in year 2011 compared to arrivals in year 2010. In other words, although number of tourist arrivals recorded in year 2011 was 12,165,866 tourists, which is the highest record than previous years, however, the arrivals of tourists had reduced while the world economy has slowly improved. This has prompted the question of whether Malaccas attraction is able to provide the authentic experience which is seek by cultural tourists. 1.3 Background of Jonker Street History of Jonker Street, according to a documented research done by Lim and Jorge (2006), dating in the 15th centuries, Jonker Street was one of the densely- populated area of merchants and artisans during the reign of Malacca Sultanate. It continued to be so during the period of Portuguese and Dutch. Following the defeat of Portuguese power to the Dutch, Jalan Hang Jebat was named as Jonker Straat (Noblemans Street) by the Dutch. With the strategic location of Jonker Street situating near the sea, it has helped in prospering the area and became home to most well-to-do people. To ensure a better landscape is seen in Jonker Street, the Dutch government in the mid 1600s, had implemented rules and strict regulations to the houses design, size of brick, position of windows, walls and drain, so that all houses are conformed to the same building standards. In the 1800s, more Chinese merchant bought up houses at Jonker Street, thus, adding Chinese architecture and designs to the faà §ade of buildings. There is a mix community of Chinese, Dutch, Muslim and Portuguese-Eurasian noted staying at Jonker Street until the 19th century, bringing in a diverse of culture and architecture. At the present time, Jonker Street is a five hundred meter long street with a stretch of buildings by both sides of the road. The facade of these buildings features a mixture of Dutch and Chinese architecture. Many of these houses are as old as 300 years. Although the width of houses along Jonker Street seems narrow, however, the length of these historical buildings is at least 50 meters long (Ong Ong, 2004) and creates a space in the middle of the house as courtyards for better air ventilation. Furthermore, the width of Jonker Street is narrow; hence, this historical settlement was designed without a sidewalk for pedestrians. Jonker Street also known as Jalan Hang Jebat, was selected to form a part of the World Heritage Site listings for its residential and commercial values. It is basically, a street that is full of small businesses, cafes, art gallery, handicraft shops, antique shops and clothes shop, which has made it into a shopping zone in the area. However, it could be noticed that some of the shops conducts two or three types of businesses in one shop lot to increase revenue. For example, the owner of an ancestral hall had rented out half of the lower ground of the building to an enterprise to sell local food product and traditional Chinese wedding accessories such as bed linens, wedding attire and red packets and so on; In addition, a shop selling souvenirs and antiques, is also selling desserts. These shops are mostly operated by Malaccan residents whereby some of the shops are being passed down from generation to generation such as an antique shop known as Abdul Company. Besides, Jonker Street is also a place with a variety of artisans and craftsmen such as goldsmiths, watch repairers, clog makers, beaded shoemakers and local chefs. Furthermore, religious activities are conducted at places such as temples, clan buildings and ancestral halls, located along this road. The presence of temples and clan buildings had not only served its purpose in representing the needs of its clan members, but it had also strengthened the cultural elements of Jonker Street. By looking at its past, it is evident that Jonker Street is rich with different architectural styles, and traditional shops that had made it outstanding. However, measures to promote this priceless treasure have not served its purpose. Malacca tourism officers had noted Jonker Streets heritage and cultural value, thus, to further promote it as a tourism spot, more cafes, shops and accommodations emerged; and in June 2000, the local authorities had added a weekly activity at Jonker Street which is Jonker Walk, where it became a street that is popular for its weekend flee market that opens every Friday, Saturday and Sunday. Jonker Walk is a popular attraction for tourists as there is an array of products to be sold, ranging from, snacks, souvenirs, apparel and accessories. According to a study on tourist movement patterns in Malacca done by Rahman, Ismail, and Wai (2011) in observing 8 tourist zones, which is Dataran Sungai Melaka, St. Pauls Hill, Kota Street, Laksamana Street, Temenggung Street, Kampung Pantai, Tokong Street and Jonker Street, it is proven that the tourist attraction with the highest number of tourists, occurs at Jonker Street. Streets in Melaka World Heritage Site such as Tokong Street, Temenggung Street and Kampung Pantai share similar character as Jonker Street; for instance, these streets have traditional traders such as goldsmiths, tin smiths, shop houses and business traders. However, one factor that makes Jonker Street outstanding is the design of its buildings. According to Rahman et al. (2011), Jonker Street was the most visited tourist destination in Malacca as it provides shopping, hotel and catering facilities to the tourists all in one street. Hence, Jonker Street is chosen as the studys destination. Furthermore, Jonker S treet together with Jalan Tun Tan Cheng Lock, has formed the oldest heritage zone in Malacca, and were introduced by Malacca as its living museum (Ong Ong, 2004). Problem Statement Malacca is a state rich in history and culture, which some of it, could not be found in other states of Malaysia. Therefore, plenty of efforts have been made to develop tourism products in Malacca and actively promoting it both within and outside of the country. Jonker Street is one of the examples where by the authority had recognised it as a tourist attraction due to its advantage as the oldest heritage zone in Malacca. 1.4.1Influence of Chinese architecture and presence of Chinese clans When the British took over in the 1825, most of the properties at Jonker Street were acquired by Chinese merchants and changed the architecture of houses at the street with Chinese facades as more wealthy and influential Chinese merchants began to arrive. Soon in the 1900s Jonker Street depict strong Chinese influence with the presence of nine Chinese clan associations and temple for worship. Traditional skills such as goldsmith, carpentry, bricklaying, boatbuilding and baking were also brought in by the Chinese community. 1.4.2 The beginning of commercial area Shortly, in 1927 Eurasian community begin to appear at Jonker Street. This was when Jonker Street begins to build its reputation as a commercial area with shops selling liquor, repair shops, furniture shops, car showroom and etc. By the end of World War Two and the Japanese Occupation, many residents had moved out of the place, making room for local businesses to start serving the basic needs of Malaccans. 1.4.3 Increase of employment opportunities Tourism sector is now considered as one of the three main source of fiscal strength in Malaysia besides sources from petroleum and industry (Hoffman, 1979). This sector has provided local people with a lot of employment opportunities; it is also seen as a main indicator that contributes to the economic growth of a place. Malacca is a state rich with cultural diversity, this in hand, has given Malacca the opportunity to develop its cultural tourism sector. Conceptually, Jonker Street represents the characteristics of rich historical and multi-cultural background of Malacca. Being in a unique cultural setting has also provided opportunity to the multi-cultural society to transform their culture into a saleable object. For instance, tangible culture of Chinese and Baba Nyonya heritage could be sold to tourist through food such as chicken rice balls, nyonya laksa and traditional nyonya cakes; clothes such as nyonya kebaya, wooden clogs and beaded shoes. This popularity has attracted a variety of new art gallery, curio shop and restaurant operators to begin business in the area. Besides plentiful of shopping choices, the arts and culture of Jonker Street was also reflected through orchestral music performances, dance lessons, food and souvenirs. Jonker Street is now deemed as a cultural attraction by the Melaka Tourism Promotion Division. Jonker Street is being promoted as a shopping district, emphasizing on things to buy such as antiques and souvenirs rather than its unique architecture buildings and culture. Undeniably, generating sales is a must in a tourism destination in order to obtain economic benefits from the tourists, yet, are the products sold reflect the culture of Jonker Street? Are the tourists able to remember where they get that piece of product from? Jonker Street has been chosen as the case study based on previous research citing that there is vagueness to the meaning of Jonker Street as a cultural attraction despite possessing criteria that proved it is. According to Ong and Ong (2004), whose study is based on Jonker Walk- the weekend night activity in Jonker Street, has garnered evidence that the project has received negative criticism from the public, citing that it is a negative development on Jonker Street and it is a poor idea in conserving Malacca. One of the criticism mentioned in Ong and Ong (2004), was from Elizabeth Vines (Unesco Asia-Pacific representative) noting that the development of Jonker Walk as a tourist attraction has changed its original character into a commercialised tourist attraction; Vines also mention that in order to bring success to tourism development and promotion of the state, the State Government and entrepreneurs has to consider Malaccas character, soul and authenticity. Furthermore, Lim and Jorge (2006), has also point out that the development of Jonker Street as a night market on weekends, has become the means of destruction of the streets heritage by evicting traditional craft masters and demolition of heritage buildings. For example, premises of goldsmiths from the 1800s to year 2000 were renovated, taking away antique painted glass panels and wall mirrors to accommodate a fast food outlet, a craftsman of traditional Chinese bound foot shoe maker as well as incense and joss stick maker were evicted from their premises and demolished the buildings to make way for new multi-storey hotel which had failed to happen. More to the point, this issue was also brought up by Lindt (2012), Jonker Street is an example of culture street in Malacca that had been transformed into a tourist destination which is less authentic, citing that liquors, batik linens and cheeky T-shirts are among the products sold to tourists at the centuries old heritage street. From the discussion above, the most significant problem being discovered is since the local authorities implemented a new project named Jonker Walk to add to the attractions of Jonker Street, this has raised the question of whether this development affects the cultural values inherent to it? How much of culture value in Jonker Street still remains after the transformation? What cultural experience does Jonker Street offer? Hence, this research is to study what are the products that are provided at Jonker Street in relation to culture tourism elements; and the authenticity of cultural products at Jonker Street from the perspective of stakeholders. 1.5 Research Objective The main objective in this study is to examine whether tourists perceived Jonker Street as an authentic cultural attraction. From this main objective, three sub-objectives are formed, as listed below: To study the existing product provided at Jonker Street in relation to culture tourism elements To study the authenticity of cultural products at Jonker Street from the perspective of stakeholders (government, Jonker Walk Committee, entrepreneur and tourist) 1.6 Research Question As an investigative research study, the research questions developed are based on the objectives of the research. The research questions are as below: What product is provided at Jonker Street in terms of cultural attraction? What are the demographics of tourists in Jonker Street? What is the interest to visit Jonker Street? What is the perception of stakeholders towards authenticity in Jonker Street? Table 1: Summary of Objective and Research Question Research Objectives Research Questions To study the existing product provided at Jonker Street in relation to culture tourism elements What product is provided at Jonker Street in terms of cultural attraction? What are the demographics of tourists in Jonker Street? What is their interest to visit Jonker Street? To study the authenticity of cultural products at Jonker Street from the perspective of stakeholders What is the perception of stakeholders towards authenticity in Jonker Street? Significance of study Jonker Street is among the famous tourist attraction in Malacca. The authorities have to ensure that Jonker Street has its unique selling point that would be able to attract tourists revisiting the place again. Tourist influx to the street has generated income for some of the residents at the area by selling souvenirs, clothes, food and so on. However, it is noted through observation that products sold at Jonker Street, especially souvenirs are mostly imported goods from other countries and does not symbolize or reflect cultures of Jonker Street. Hence, this research is to study the authenticity of cultural products at Jonker Street. Authenticity is related with cultural tourism as authenticity in tourism context means the desired experience a tourist gets associated with visits to tourism destinations; the result of encountering a culture different than of the tourist (Smith, 1989) which is similar to the objective of cultural tourism that is for the tourist to learn and experience the culture of other nations. This study will be significant to the tourism promotion boards of Malacca as it tries to understand the attractions at Jonker Street, characteristics of tourists and stakeholders perceptions. Perceptions of stakeholders determine whether Jonker Street is able to provide the authentic experience that tourists seek in a cultural tourism destination. This in turn helps tourism planners of Malacca to further enhance cultural tourism in its state, whilst maintaining the culture of Malacca people. 1.8 Scope and limitation of study This study is limited to stakeholders related to Jonker Street, Malacca only. It is focused on stakeholders perception of authenticity of cultural product at Jonker Street, Malacca. The dependent variable of this study is perception of stakeholders while the independent variables are products provided at Jonker Street and characteristic and profile of tourist. This study will use authenticity as a measure to view stakeholders perception on Jonker Street. This will show whether Jonker Street is perceived as a cultural attraction or vice versa. The unavailability of secondary data of tourist arrivals at Jonker Street and time restrain has also caused limitations to this study. Definition of terms The following definitions of terms are used for this study: Authenticity Authenticity comes from the word authentic. In general, authentic means genuine, realness and purity. Authenticity in the leisure context means the real or genuine experience a tourist gets during their travel to places with cultures different than their own (Hillman, n.d.). Objective authenticity is an experience whereby tourists are able to understand the culture of other society at a tourist destination (Hillman, n.d.). Cultural tourism Culture includes a broad spectrum of beliefs, a set of practices that acts as a general guiding principle. According to Bonink and Richards (1992), cultural tourism is defined as travelling to specific cultural destinations such as heritage sites, artistic and cultural attractions, arts and drama at places outside of their usual environment (as cited in (Ding, 2009)) Cultural Products Cultural products reflect a cultures characteristic. As said by Ivanovic (2008), the cultural attraction itself is known as the cultural tourism product. The author has noted that when intrinsic cultural value is found at a cultural attraction, it gives the place potential to be developed as a cultural tourism product. Furthermore, the development of accommodation, infrastructure, services and facilities at that cultural attraction, will be an added value to the product. Hence, the intrinsic value of culture along with added value has formed the destinations cultural resources into cultural tourism products. For example, when a tourist visits a destination, they are actually using the total cultural product, which are, accommodation, food, weather, transportation, hospitality and attitude of hosts (Ivanovic, 2008). Cultural products could be categorized into two groups which are tangible and intangible. Tangible products are things that are presented in a material form while intangib le products are that societies believe it exists but could not be seen. Examples of tangible products are toys, musical instruments, dresses, types of residence, food, sports equipment, literature and artwork; while intangible products are such as dance, music, language and literary styles (Lawrence, 1999). Methodology Research Objective Literature Review Culture The concept of Cultural tourism The concept of Authenticity Pilot study Data Collection Structured Interview Data Analysis Data gathering key in Data Selection Formulation Content Analysis Summary of findings Final Report Background Study Malacca, voice from the street (Lim Fernando, 2006) The making of Jonker Walk (Ong Ong, 2004) Research Problem Scope of Research Jonker Street, Malacca Product mix Characteristic and profile of tourist Preparation of Interview The research approach for this study will be based on observation, literature review and interview. Selection of respondents will be chosen through purposive sampling. The survey will be conducted at Jonker Street, Malacca on weekends to collect data from domestic and international tourists and entrepreneurs as well as to conduct structured interview on weekdays with other stakeholders such as government and Jonker Walk Committee. Data collected through this survey will be analysed through content analysis. The purpose of the data analysis is to discover the interest for tourist to visit Jonker Street, the products provided at Jonker Street regarding to culture tourism and to understand the perception of stakeholders towards authenticity of cultural products at Jonker Street. 1.11 Research Organisation Chapter 1 Chapter 1 is an introduction to the background of research, research problem, research objective, research question, scope and limitations of study, definition of terms, research procedure and research organization Chapter 2 Chapter 2 will discuss about theoretical framework to explain regarding culture tourism, culture products, authenticity, and relations of cultural products to authenticity. This will explain about the effects of authenticity of cultural products to tourists. Chapter 3 Chapter 3 highlights the methodology of research which will be used in this study. The perspective of stakeholders towards authenticity of cultural products at Jonker Street will be collected through structured interview. Chapter 4 Chapter 4 explains on the authenticity of cultural products from the perspective from stakeholders of Jonker Street, Malacca. Chapter 5 Chapter 5 gives conclusion on the study by analyzing findings on the perspectives of stakeholders chosen and make suggestions to the relevant authorities of Malacca. Chapter 6 Chapter 6 states the limitations of study, conclusion and presents information on possible extensions on future research.

Birthmark Essay -- essays research papers

  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The Mark of Ugliness   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In Nathaniel Hawthorne’s The Birthmark, there is indeed a representation of a submerged personality in Aylmer. Although the other underlying personality is not represented within himself, it is rather portrayed through his assistant Aminadab. Since Aylmer is lacking so much within himself, he is unable to appreciate his wife even she was dying. Basically if Aylmer had the sensibility of Aminadab he could have realized how beautiful she was even with her birthmark.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  During the portion of the rising action we discover what type of man Aylmer is. He is a man of science, and held with high regards by other scientists. His love for science is first priority; anything else means nothing compared to his studies.Even though he decided to search for a wife, he does so with hardly any enthusiasm, â€Å" He had left his laboratory to the care of his assistant, cleared his fine countenance from the furnace smoke, washed the stain of acids from his fingers and persuaded a beautiful women to become his wife.† Two points are brought up; first he leaves his assistant in the lab with all the dirty work to be done, while Aylmer cleans himself up and just decides he needs a wife, pointing out that Aminadab, although only an assistant, has a great deal of responsibility. Second due, to his non chalante attitude towards finding a woman, we find that he wonders if he could love a woman more than his science, â€Å" His love for his young wife might prove the stronger of the two; but it could only be by intertwining itself with his love of science and uniting the strength of the latter of his own.† Right then we see he could not marry and be truly in love unless he could some how combine it with his science.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Luckily for Aylmer, he discovers a birthmark on his wife that makes him look at his wife in disgust. The birthmark which he calls a flaw to perfection, becomes more intolerable after every glance at it. He can not ignore... ... of time,and,living once all in eternity, to find the perfect future in the present.† Basically saying the missing part of him, which was shown through Aminadab, was the key to see that he had everything he could possibly want. That is when he no longer fights with this inner struggle. What is even more tragic is that even with the passing of his wife, he is unable to learn from this expierence because his own wife basically says, dont feel guilty it is going to be ok. This totally disturbs the possiblility of learning from this horrible incident, because his wife eases the guilt.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Aylmer doesnot incorporate his missing characteristics from Aminadab. Although if he would have he would have been able to totally appreciate his wife, and even if he would have portrayed Aminadab’s way of thinking even at the end when she dies he could have learned at least the hard way. But the fact that he did not even learn anything from this expieerence and still has a seperation within himself is the saddest part. If only he had the mentality of his counterpart Aminadab, he wold have realized his wife, Georgiana was in fact a beautiful creature who need not be changed.

“Pandemic or Panic” (2010) by Brian Molloy Analysis

In the article â€Å"Pandemic or Panic† (2010) by Brian Molloy and the article â€Å"Hindsight is easy† (2010) by Erica Grove, they both discuss the way WHO response to the outbreak of H1N1 influenza and they present different perspectives on how the money was spent on and how the resource was distributed. Molloy is neutral about the WHO’s response of H1N1 influenza outbreak, while Molloy is highly skeptical. First, Molloy argues that WHO send everyone into a panic about H1N1, but it is not the threat people imaged it to be.Grove, however, states that it is necessary for the WHO and the government to take  the threat of H1N1 seriously. Next, Molloy claims that British government spend a lot of money on vaccine which makes two major pharmaceutical companies earn billions from swine flu, and there is a conflict of interest between the government and drug manufactures. He believes that this money should be spent on a right situation like helping disable instead of treating flu. Grove also believes that there is a mismanagement of the distribution of vaccine. Discussion: Molloy claims that the WHO and the government spends massive expenditure on doses of vaccine, while the death rate  for H1N1 is far low than for ordinary influenza.He criticizes the reports of H1N1 cases are exaggerated which send people into a panic about H1N1. By contrast, Grove states that the WHO did not overreact to the crisis. Rather, she feels grateful that the authorities took the threat of a pandemic seriously. She also points out that everything is always better to overprepare than to underprepare. Molloy appears to have overlooked that the powerful of virus can be. In fact, there are a couple of factors like infectivity, severity and lethality which can all affect the strength of a virus.Transmission is also a key factor to determine how the virus spread and be identified. As Molloy mentions that the death rate for H1N1 is relatively low than for ordinary pandemi c, it does not mean that H1N1 is a weak influenza. Perhaps the low death rate is due to early trace the source, infected people are well isolated from the rest of the community in order to control the spread of H1N1, or synthesis of a new vaccine by scientists in a short period of time. These could be one of the reasons of why the death rate for H1N1 is low. In this sense, Molloy fail to notice that.

Sonnet and No Second Troy Essays

Sonnet and No Second Troy Essays Sonnet and No Second Troy Paper Sonnet and No Second Troy Paper Essay Topic: Poetry In this essay Im going to be comparing two love poems. The two poems I will be comparing are Sonnet be Edna St Vincent Millay and No Second Troy composed by Irelands most famous writer, William Butler Yeats. I hope to look in detail at both poems and to be able to compare and contrast both pieces. Sonnet was written in 1917 be Edna St Vincent Millay. Edna St Vincent Millay was a middle class citizen born in Maine, America. She was very well educated and began writing poetry from the age of 15. Sonnet is a love poem structured around betrayal and depression, we can see this in the first line Time does not bring relief; you all have lied Here Edna St Vincent Millay is referring to the people that told her at the time of separation that things would get better in time and directly accuses a friend or family of lying to her. The first and second lines make use of enjambment which makes the poem flow, it gives the poem a slow rhythm to suit her emotions. Enjambment is used frequently throughout the poem. Who told me time would ease me of my pain! Millay uses an accusation tone here to show her emotions, which I believe suggests that she is unstable, as she wants to blame anybody apart from herself. Millay uses personification to display her emotions as the weeping of the rain which refers to her tears and also rhymes with pain in the previous line. She also uses personification in I miss him at the shrinking of the tide To say that she misses him when the tide is out which represents peace and quiet in this situation, tide rhymes with lied in the opening line of the poem. Edna St Vincent Millay compares there relationship with old snow. For example, The old snows melt from every mountain-side In my opinion melting snow is a perfect description as it represents their relationship in two ways: one is that snow melts representing their relationship disappearing, and secondly that snow is cold also representing their cold and non affectionate relationship. Millay describes their present relationship situation very cleverly by describing it as smoke. As the poet says, And last years leaves are smoke in every lane She uses a perfect description here again as smoke is almost non existent and like the melting snow in the previous lines it shows that the relationship no longer exists, but unlike the cold snow smoke resembles fire and heat which could mean that they had a fiery relationship. In the past four lines the poet has mentioned all four seasons, I think she has done this so that she can show the reader that she misses him all year round and that she still loves him. I believe that Edna St Vincent Millay is obsessed with him, a good example of this is, But last years bitter loving must remain Heaped on my heart, and my old thoughts abide Thins is a great example of compulsive behaviour as she admits that the love was bitter but its still better than nothing, Edna St Vincent Millay uses an oxymoron to emphasise on the bitter loving in my opinion this is used at exactly the right time as its showing the reader that she must accept a negative to experience a little glimpse of a positive one. There is also repetition with the words last year used in the previous line also. Enjambment is used once again here to give the poem a flow and a slow tempo to suit her emotions. I think that Edna St Vincent Millay has linked the octet to the sestet very cleverly, she uses the last five words of the octet to liken it to the sestet and to completely change her emotions. The octet is dominated by her wanting the love to be mutual but the last five words are about wanting to forget him which leads into the sestet which is dominated by her feelings and her efforts to forget him. You can observe this easily in the opening line, There are hundred places where I fear To go, so with his memory they brim! Edna Millay cant forget him, she wants to forget him but she cant, this proves my point from before the quotation. She also uses hyperbole to emphasis the fact that she cant go any were his memory does not exist. And entering with relief some quiet place Where never fell his foot or shone his face Here we can see that Edna Millay still thinks of him as divine, although not literally this is obvious when she says or shone his face. This shows that she still loves him. I find it intriguing that she uses the verb shone as this is sometime used when talking about a star or an angel, this could mean that she thinks, metaphorically that hes an angel. She continues to say that when she goes to a place where his foot has never fallen or where his face has never shone so she remembers him. I say, There is no memory of him here! And so stand stricken, so remembering him! The poem has a slow rhythm and uses imagery throughout and techniques such as enjambment, personification, sibilance, oxymoron and hyperbole. The second poem I will be comparing is No Second Troy. No Second Troy was written in 1910 by Irelands most famous writer, William Butler Yeats was born in 1865 and was brought up and educated in Dublin. William Butler Yeats had an interest in Irish literature from a very young age and was quoted as being the pillar in Irish literature. During Yeats early life he fell deeply in love with a lady called Maude Gonne, in 1901 Yeats proposed unsuccessfully for the third time, she saying that she would never marry. In 1903 much to Yeats dislike she married an Irish nationalist Major John McBride. William Butler Yeats, Maud Gonne and Major John McBride all shared one dream, Irish Independence. Gonnes obsession with the concept of Irish independence was much greater than Yeats. No Second Troy is a love poem built around the structure of love, violence and depression. The title suggests that Yeats compares Maude Gonne with Helen of Troy. The Poem begins with a rhetorical question Why should I blame her that she filled my days with misery I think he uses the rhetorical question here to tell the readers that Gonne wouldnt care if she had filled his days with misery and that all she cares about is Irish independence. Referring to one of my earlier points William Butler Yeats believes in what Gonne is fighting for but not the way shes doing it. As he writes, Or that she would of late Have taught most ignorant men most violent ways William Butler Yeats tells the reader that she is to blame for the IRA, when he says Taught to ignorant men most violent ways this could mean that she uses her beauty to entice people in to fighting for her, just like Helen of Troy. William Butler Yeats gives us his opinion on the IRA quite cleverly when he mentions violence, although he doesnt mention the IRA you still get his opinion, this is done very cleverly by Yeats. William Butler Yeats proves him self correct in saying that the way they are trying to get Irish independence is wrong when he says Or hurled the little streets upon the great This is a factual quote from No Second Troy, Yeats tells the audience that the British look down on the Irish. Yeats uses little to describe the Irish, I think he uses little to try and say that they are lower class compared to the British this can be seen easily when he calls the British great . But Yeats later goes on to say Had they but courage equal to desire. To me this is a very important quotation from the poem as he is saying if the Irishs courage was equal to their ambition they could be like the British, but it is as if he is giving advice because unlike before he is not running the plan down. Yeats wants Irish Independence and is trying to encourage the Irish by telling them that they can become great but they must fight. William Butler Yeats believes that violence isnt the way to gain independence. He wants Maud Gonne to fight for it in a civilized way, legally, this can be observed in the following lines. What could have made her peaceful with a mind That nobleness made simple as a fire. Butler Yeats says here that Gonne could have been happy if she would have done it without violence and did things politically and not violently and that her passion for Irish independence could have been achieved by doing it his way. Yeats goes back to talking about Maud Gonne in a very positive way- With beauty like a tightened bow, a kind That is not natural in an age like this Here you can see that Yeats is obsessed with Maud Gonne when he says that Gonnes beauty was not natural. We can see Yeats opinion of her was very impressive, in my opinion Yeats is telling the reader that her beauty is too good for earth, but after reading the next line you can see that unnatural beauty can come with consequences and be dangerous. Being high and solitary and most stern? Yeats tells the reader that Maud Gonne beauty has led her to arrogance and to an unhappy and emotionally lonely life. A reason for this could be that her obsession with independence has dominated her life and has mentally changed her. In my opinion William Butler Yeats changes from being desirable at the start of the poem to being a person looking back in hindsight, this can be seen in this following quote Why, what could she have done, being what she is? Was there another Troy for her to burn? From this quote you can see why I thought that he was looking back in hindsight, he looks back in hindsight and asks him self what could he or she have done to prevent the solitary and the sternest behaviour. When he says Was there another Troy for her to burn? I think he says this for two possible reasons, one being that she could ruin Ireland and that Troy would represent Ireland and Burn could resemble the fighting in Ireland. The other possibility is that she is like Helen of Troy and that she could become all cause of conflict. The poem begins with a rhetorical question and ends with a rhetorical question, this is just one of the numerous techniques used by Yeats an other technique that Yeats uses is enjambment, W B Yeats uses enjambment all throughout the poem to give it a medium pace rhythm. After reading and analyzing both Sonnet and No Second Troy I can finally compare and contrast. One of the many comparisons is that both poems have been subject of inspiration. Sonnet is inspired by Millay former partner as is Yeats poem. They are both based on the theme of love and both are heavily negative and slightly obsesive. For example this quotation from Sonnet proves just how eccentric her love for him is, last years bitter loving must remain. Both poets use enjambment frequently throughout the entire poems. Here is an example from No second Troy, WHY should I blame her that she filled my days With misery, or that she would of late Have taught to ignorant men most violant ways In my opinion enjambment has been very instrumental to both poets as it allows the poem to flow nicely and to control the rhythym and pace of the poem. For example, enjambment has been used here But last years bitter loving must remain Heaped on my heart, and my old thoughts abide! Here it is used to give the poem a medium paced rhythym and is very effective. Both poems use a small amount of hyperbole, a great example of hyperbole is in Sonnet where Millay says There are a hundread places where I fear to go. An example of hyperbole from No Second Troy is That nobleness made simple as fire. Although there are many comparisons between both poems there are also many differences. For example No Second Troy uses rhetorical questions where Millay Sonnet doesnt. I think rhetorical questions play a large part in Yeats poem as it brings more emotion to the poem. A good example of this is WHY should I blame her that she filled my days with misery?. An other difference is that Millay uses an oxymoron in Sonnet. In my opinion a good example of an oxymoron from Sonnet is But last years bitter loving must remain. I think the oxymoron shows strong emphasis on the ex-relationship status and gives us an insight on what the relationship used to be like. A big difference in both poems is the flow of the poems. This is mostly effected by the enjembments used and the rhyming scheme. Sonnet doesnt follow any rhyming scheme where as No Second Troy does. This has a large impact on the flow of both poems which are completely different. Sonnet flows much faster than No Second Troy making it much better to read.

Ernest Hemingway

Ernest Hemingway Introduction Ernest Miller Hemingway believed that the mind was deceptive; consequently, he depended on his senses to express himself. This perspective was always evident in his work, and that was why people thought it was pure and fresh. The uniqueness of his writing may be attributed to his detailed creative regimen. The creative process in Hemingway’s work Some of the notable pieces that this author has written include â€Å"The Sun Also Rises† and â€Å"The Old Man and the Sea†. The latter piece won him a Nobel Prize for Literature. Hemingway explained that when writing these two literary texts, he wanted to let readers identify the elements that he had deliberately omitted. He said that he pruned words and only wrote what was absolutely necessary. Hemingway affirmed that when a writer omitted something out of the lack of knowledge of the thing, then he/she was unskillful. However, if a writer knew something and left it out deliberately, then the person was a genius. Hemingway asserted that it took a lot of prowess to leave out an element of a story and still create the illusion, to readers, that the thing happened.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Ernest Hemingway specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Omission was a strong indication of one’s writing quality (Plimpton 29). Such an assertion indicates that this author carefully thought his literary pieces. He first made up what he needed to say in his mind; thereafter, he would cull irrelevant words or ideas that would reveal too much. He wanted to make his writing three dimensional by giving readers instructions that they needed to follow in order to figure out the whole story. Therefore, this author had to exercise a considerable amount of restraint in his writing. He knew that less is more, and the best literature always causes readers to think. Hemingway often guarded his creative process. He believed that writing a book was a lonely activity that would only be distracted if other people got in the way. This was the reason why he liked to work in his bedroom or inside a workroom set aside for this very purpose. Ernest preferred his bedroom to the special workroom, which happened to be in a special tower on a corner in his house, because his bedroom probably inspired him to come up with new ideas. In this regard, one can learn that creativity sometimes requires isolation (Muller 33). Since his bedroom was his favorite place to work, it is only fitting to find out the qualities in his bedroom that caused his creative juices to flow. Hemingway had a lot of sentimental goods in his bedroom. Some of them included carnivore teeth, a toy U.S. airplane, a toy guitar, a toy lion, a toy zebra, and many others. These items had great sentimental value to the writer. He asserted that the collection cheered him up. From this process, one can deduce that the author needed external items to keep him focused on his writing. Although he was a neat man, one can assume that he had difficulties in letting go of old things. This sentimentally probably pushed him to do more than he would have if the memorabilia did not exist.Advertising Looking for essay on biography? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The author’s creative process was jealously guarded. He often explained that when one overly scrutinized the writing process, then one would neutralize its value. He claimed that writing was solid and fragile at the same time. When one talked about the fragile part too much, then one would lose out on it completely. This individual felt that it was imperative to stick to the solid aspects alone. Therefore, if one intends on making commentaries about Hemingway’s artistic process, one must interpret them from his actions. The author thought of writing as an occupation that could not integrate witnesses during production . People were only relevant after one’s work was complete. Creativity was a sacred process to this writer, so he probably refrained from talking about it because of this (Trodd 21). One thing that emanates from most of Hemingway’s interviews is his strong dedication to his work. One may assume that a creative process ought to be spontaneous and unplanned; however, this was not Ernest’s approach. He was immensely disciplined when he wrote. First, he chose to stand rather than sit when working. It is not clear why he chose to do this, but one may deduce that he was probably excited about his work. When he got the inspiration, he would get energized like a young boy. He would often find himself perspiring because of this. It only comes naturally to stand when one is excited about something. Usually, he would stay in this state of stimulation until midday when the artistic touch wore off. At that time, the author would give himself a treat. Besides this, Ernest alwa ys wrote in the morning. He believed that this was the best time to write because one’s mind was clear. It was also unlikely for people to disrupt him at that time in the morning. Clearly, this was someone who took his writing very seriously. If he dedicated the most productive part of his day towards it, then it must have been something precious. Nonetheless, one should not assume that the high level of discipline indicated that he did not enjoy writing. Ernest told many interviewers that the hours he dedicated to writing were his most pleasurable moments. Creativity, to Hemingway, involved a considerable level of control. In certain instances, he had a lot to write about after midday, however, he would stop when it was time. This was done in order to keep the juices flowing. When there was still something left in him from the previous day, Ernest found that it was easier to continue with his narration the next day.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on E rnest Hemingway specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More He often realized that it was quite hard to wait and hold back until the next day; this was his toughest moment. Hemingway explained that it look a lot of energy and will power to put aside the stories that he was working on when he was away from his typewriter. However, he mastered the art of controlling those thoughts after some time (Smith 9). This author also believed that any creative process could always be reworked. In fact, when he woke up in the morning to work on a certain piece, he would read through the previous day’s writings and consider rewording them. Sometimes, reworking the piece would take much longer than expected, especially if something important was at stake. For example, when working on endings, Hemingway often reedited his narratives so many times. In one instance, he wrote the ending 39 times before completing it. Hemingway explained that when he reread his pie ces, more creative juices would flow because he would be inspired to complete what he had started. This process put him at a place where he knew that he had to keep going. Hemingway, like many other writers, sometimes experienced dry spells. In these instances, he would feel no inspiration. However, he explained that in order to prevent that from happening, he would always stop when he still knew what was going to unfold in the narrative. This always gave him a reason to keep going even when he was not sure about where he would take the characters. It took the author a very long period of time to figure out this formula, and it worked well for him. Even though this author was quite fond of working in his house, he was still quite capable of working in different environments. For example, he wrote many masterpieces in Havana at a hotel called Ambos Mundos. The writer’s inspiration was not confined to his house. He asserted that there were several places that he worked in. Erne st did not mind working in different circumstances. He only had a problem with visitors or other interruptions like telephone calls. Therefore one can say that this author functioned well in quiet environments. It was at this point when he could be left alone with his thoughts, and ideas would flow. To Hemingway, the telephone and visitors ruined great work.Advertising Looking for essay on biography? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Therefore, if he had to write in a place that had many people, he had to be ruthless about his private time in order to get anything done (Robinson 90). After looking at the physical environment that Ernest enjoyed working in, it is necessary to understand the psychological or emotional conditions that inspired this author’s imagination. Hemingway explained that one of the best emotional states to write in was when one was in love. He explained that when a person was in love, he/she could experience a felling of inhibition that no other emotion could create. However, the author also adds that one can write at any time; love just had a way of making that writing better. Hemingway also asserted that one can also write well when one is not worried about one’s obligations. Poor health and financial challenges can block one’s creativity tremendously. In fact, during Hemingway’s last years, he started worrying a lot about paying taxes and meeting other financia l obligations. As a result, he accomplished very little in his field. In his hey-days, the author affirmed that worrying has the capacity to destroy writing. He explained that one’s subconscious needed to be unoccupied by other issues when one was engaging in one’s art. He believed that the subconscious held one’s artistic reserves, and when it was occupied with other things, then it could not operate properly. He further added that any kind of worry was bad for creativity. If one worries about one’s health, then that would also take a toll on one’s subconscious mind and one’s ability to write. Despite pointing out all these psychological factors that can destroy good artistic work, the author affirmed that when one found pleasure in writing, one could do it even in the worst circumstances. Creativity came at all times to him because he was doing something he loved (Merion 14). He believed that it was only death that would stop him from enga ging in his art. In essence, Hemingway was saying that certain emotional and psychological conditions cause writers to write more creatively, however, writing was a full time occupation that could continue even if one’s emotional and psychological well being were not ideal. In many interviews, the author also believed that certain things could be done to enhance one’s creative juices outside the writing room. For instance, he cited reading as one of them. Hemingway felt that competent writers had the ability to balance their responsibilities as knowledgeable people. Even though many writers spent a small portion of their time writing, they still engaged in the profession by acquiring new knowledge. In Hemingway’s mind, creativity could be likened to a well; it needed to be filled with good water. The process of filling it with good water was synonymous to acquiring new knowledge. In essence, he wanted to prove that creativity came from within, but it was inspire d by external knowledge. Hemingway also held that sometimes one could engage in certain actions that could destroy one’s creativity. He said that this could happen even when one believed that one was still a writer. An example he cited was the case of the journalist. To Hemingway, journalism was only valuable to young writers who wanted to jumpstart their careers. However, if one reaches a certain point in one’s career as a journalist, one may start to destroy one’s creativity. To this writer, not all types of writing require creativity, and some of them actually wipe out creativity. Hemingway also felt that sometimes creativity could be learnt from other people. He often cited a number of painters, sculptors, poets and writers who taught him how to express his ideas. Nonetheless, in the creative process, one must learn how to articulate one’s point of view. Other artists can only inspire someone; they cannot be the sole basis for writing something (Gurko 34). Lastly, this author believed that when one was making a literary piece, one should not think too much about the work’s meaning. He believed that analysts and literary critics existed for a reason. Authors had a hard time merely writing their books; therefore, asking them to interpret was unfair. He explained that when he was writing, he was never bothered too much about what his audience would interpret from the work. He felt that his imagination would be bogged down if he did this. To Hemingway, readers completed the creative process by discussing and analyzing his writings. Ernest also added that one was not obligated to expound on one’s writing; this was someone else’s task. Conclusion Hemingway asserted that the creative process was special, and should not be analyzed. However, in most instances, he believed that inspiration came when one was isolated and undistracted, he also believed in letting one’s juices flow; focusing too much on otherâ₠¬â„¢s interpretations hampers this process. Ernest asserted that writing could be done at all times but the best work came when a writer was in a strong emotional and psychological state. Gurko, Leo. Ernest Hemingway and the pursuit of heroism. NY: Crowell Company, 1996. Print. Merion, Jeff. Channeling the Canon: An interview with Ernest Hemingway. The by-gone bureau. 3 Mar. 2008. Web. Muller, T. (2010). â€Å"The uses of authenticity: Hemingway and the literary field 1926-1936.† Journal of modern literature 33.1(2010): 28-42. Print. Plimpton, George. â€Å"Ernest Hemingway, The Art of Fiction.† Paris Review 18 (1958): 14-56. Print. Robinson, Daniel. â€Å"My true occupation is that of a writer: Hemingway’s passport correspondence.† The Hemingway Review 2 (2005): 87-93. Print. Smith, Paul. A reader’s guide to the short stories of Ernest Hemingway. Boston: Hall and Company, 1997. Print. Trodd, Zoe. â€Å"Hemingway’s camera eye: the problems of language and an interwar politics of form. The Hemingway review 26.2(2007): 7-22. Print.

Hinduism and Islam Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Hinduism and Islam - Essay Example All these three religions originated from Abraham. Abraham’s eldest son Ishmael is the father of Islamic religion. Hindu religion is standing out from other religions because of their belief in multi God theory. It should be noted that Muslims believe in single God theory like Jews and Christians. There are certain common elements and differences in the belief structure of Hindus and Muslims even though their theories about God are entirely different. This paper analyses the similarities and differences between Hindu beliefs and Islamic beliefs. Analysis of Hinduism & Islam through research Hindu religion is the religion of Vedas based on the practice of Dharma. (Dharma is the code of conduct of life principles). â€Å"The foundations of Hindu religion were laid by ancient rishis (sages), who taught their disciples the eternal principles of life they had discovered through their meditations† Since Hinduism has no founder, anyone who practices Dharma can call himself a H indu†(Devshoppe). There are 4 different types of people in the Hindu religion basically as per the ancient belief; Brahman, Kshathriya, Vaisya and Shudra. Only the Brahman people got the rights to do the rituals in the temple and they are considered as the highest class in the Hindu religion. Kshathriya people had the right to rule the country while the other two were the working class. The word Brahmin is derived from the word Brahman ie the supreme self. This caste is traditionally ranked first, among the four main castes. Vedas are the primary source of knowledge for brahmins. The word Kshtriya denotes an aristocratic status. In Sanskrit it is derived from the word â€Å"Khatra† ie Power, Rule, Roof, Government etc.. This caste is traditionally ranked second in the four main castes. The Vaishya are on the third rank of four main castes in Indian society. The word Vaishya is derived from a word which means to live, and the caste was originally focused on farming, agri culture, and trading. The shudras are the lowest and largest caste. As per the Sanskrit definition, Shudra can be any person, regardless of his Varna. As per the Purush-Sukta of Rig-Ved,the Shudras are originated from the feet of the Lord (Brahmana-Kshatriya-Vaishya-Shudra) Hindus believe in â€Å"The three-in-one god known as â€Å"Brahman,† which is composed of: Brahma (the creator), Vishnu (the Preserver), and Shiva (the Destroyer)† (Hindu Beliefs). In other words, for every Godly activity, Hindus have a separate God. They believe that the entire world is controlled by different Gods who have different duties. Bhagavad Gita is the Holy book for Hindus. â€Å"Spoken by Lord Krishna, the Supreme Personality of Godhead to His intimate disciple Arjuna, the Gita's seven hundred concise verses provide a definitive guide to the science of self realization† (Bhagavad Gita). Hindus give more respect to women compared to any other religions in the world. According to H induism, a soul is reincarnates again and again on earth till it becomes perfect and reunites with its Source. During this process, soul enters many bodies and attains many forms (Jayaram) Islam means to submit freely to The Commandments and Will of The One and Only God (Allah). This submission should come from within, from sound belief in and

Product or brand success Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

Product or brand success - Essay Example In this case, exiting investments can be accelerated, eliminated or de-prioritized. Again, the resources within the business can be allocated or re-allocated to active investments. Normally, portfolio decision approach is characterized by changing and unforeseen information, vibrant opportunities, various objectives and strategic considerations among many others. Also, a variety of decision makers and locations are considered. In determining product success, portfolio management incorporates or ignores a number of decision making approaches in the business. These include periodic evaluations of the all portfolio investments, making of decisions with regard to individual projects on a continuous basis (Product Success 7). Similarly, there is development of new product process characterized by a complete resource distribution decisions. Apart from decision making and resource distribution, new product portfolio control deals with future opportunities and events. However, there is a lot of information needed to make the best out of investments. First, there is need to understand that product portfolio control focuses on future chances and events. Therefore, most of the information needs to make investments selection decision process at its best. Secondly, the decision environment is a very vibrant one. The status and opportunities for investment in portfolio are continuously changing with the introduction of new information. Thirdly, projects in portfolio are at various stages of completion, although all the projects are competing for resources so that comparisons are made. Finally, resources to be distributed across the projects are restricted. A verdict to finance one project can mean that resources are not accessed by another and resource sharing between projects is not completely seamless. There are four major goals in portfolio management that leads to product or brand success. Actually, the goal that an individual wishes to focus on mainly is the one that will eventually determine the choice of portfolio approaches. These objectives include: Value exploitation Balance Strategic course Right number of investments With regard to value maximization, the main objective is to distribute resources with an intention of maximizing portfolio value. This means that the projects are selected so that the sum of values are maximize that are related to active projects. On the other hand, balance deals mainly with the development of balanced approach to realize the desired balance. For instance, the relevant balance in terms of permanent short term projects versus long term projects must be attained. Strategic direction as part of t he main objectives ensures that apart from all the other factors, the ultimate project portfolio truly gives a reflection of business approach. This should mean that the breakdown of using funds across markets, projects among other investments is closely related to business strategy. In relation to the right number of projects, most organizations have several continuing projects for the limited resources that are available. Therefore, an overriding objective is to make sure that a balance is reached between resources needed for the main projects and resources that are available. Product or brand failure In contrary to product success, product or brand failure means that the product in the market cannot meet the customer needs in the market (Hlavacek, Maxwell, and Williams 33). Marketers understand that they are supposed to maintain a steady