How are social change and changes in knowledge linked?

It impart then proceed by contending aspects of genial deepen in history, in particular how changes after the 2nd globe war ch all(prenominal)enged senile and tralatitious systems of cognition. In this discussion this essay will focus on two dominant systems of fellowship, medicine and faith, and in what modality the changing role of women in friendship has challenged these intimacy systems. With regard to organized religious belief this essay will also discuss the development of modern age beliefs in todays order with relevance to the question is religion in rectify? This essay will aim to practice relevant examples in this discussion in order to reach a conclusion of the link between social change and changes in cognition in our fellowship.So lets begin by answering the question what is fellowship?All knowledge is produced, collected, collated and disseminated by human beings living in societies. (G hoarblatt 2000). It is inherited by the language we learn in ou r daily lives. We use many different sources of knowledge in order to understand where weCome from, who we be and the corporation at bottom we live it shapes what we know and what we dont know.It is the social structures and institutions in spite of appearance society, which shape the content of knowledge systems, be it in medicine, religion, the governmental ideologies and so on. They decide who holds the power in within these knowledge systems. They determine, for example, who has access to specialised knowledge languages (like checkup training) and who has socially sanctioned and legal authority to make pronouncements on a given subject.(Goldblatt 2000). Aside from specialized or expert knowledge there is also a different type of knowledge know as common reek knowledge. This is knowledge, which we all inherit or learn from family and friends, or acquire through outside influences accessible to us such as media or the Internet. It helps us understand or encourage electi on knowledge on issues such as our health for example. It often comes in the shape of old wives tales, which take aim been passed down through generations.The dominant knowledge systems such as medicine religion and so on are not fixed however and when social change occurs, they are forced to react to these changes, and in consequence it is also knowledge that can then influence change in society and determine how we live our lives.Throughout history society has seen many radical changes within its dominant knowledge systems. Wehave witnessesed major advances in scientific research, medicine, changes in traditionalistic religious beliefs and challenges to the dominant political ideologies, particularly avocation the Second World War.One of the foremost debates today is whether or not there has been a decline in the trust of expert knowledge within all aspects of society. in that location have always been experts with specialized knowledge even in ancient times. However years ag o experts in their sports stadium be it science, medicine or religion were always trusted their knowledge was respected and believed as true, scientists, doctors, priests and the like. Although they were never tout ensemble unchallenged the authority of their knowledge was secure. However it could be contendd that at this time battalion had no way of acquiring the knowledge to know any different and had no reason to challenge the experts.In time however new discoveries in science, medicine, and with new communication technology evolving all the time in all aspects of society, allowed people much much access to utility(a) knowledge and information. With this new knowledge people began to remove questions and have their say regarding issues of importance to them. Also new experts were emerging all the time to challenge old knowledge systems. Debates that were once confined to a small circle of influential figures and institutions within each of these traditions are now amplifie d throughthe enormously expanded nub of communication that now exists (Goldblatt 2000)It could be fair to plead then that it is not so much that there has been a decline in the trust of experts just that the old and traditional and trusted knowledge systems have become more diverse due to the protrude of alternateforms of knowledge within society, for example, alternative medicine, new political ideologies and so on.Following the 2nd world war feminism had a huge impact for women in all spheres of society. Science, medicine and religion, had largely been dominate by men throughout history. Women had been pretty much excluded from all these dominant knowledge systems. It was men who held tops(predicate) patriarchy power within all aspects of society. This allows us then to not only question and discuss gendered knowledge but to also look at the interrelation between knowledge and power within these knowledge systems.Lets look at the at a feminist climb adopted by corn dodger Keller, with relevance to womens place within medical science. She contests that knowledge production is gendered and shaped by patriarchy within social structures in society.Modern science is based on a division of emotional and ingenious labour in which objectivity, reason and mind are cast as potent and subjectivity, feeling and spirit are cast as female. Science involves a radical separation of subject and object and at last the domination ofmind over nature. The result is a popular conception of science one that is more suited to men than women. (Fox Keller).An example of this is the Royal Society founded by Charles II in1662. It was argued that the knowledge produced within this society was because of its gentlemanly origins. They saw the importance of objective knowledge over subjective knowledge within the field of science and medicine. Womens knowledge at this time was devalued and relegated to folk medicine (Thompson and woodward 2000).It was due to the fact that wo men were excluded from higher fostering and therefore unable to attend medical universities, hence were unable to enter the medical field without training. superpower over Knowledge was used to maintain a structure in which women were systematically excluded from a male medical monopoly (Thompson and Woodward) Today however, due largely to the emerge of feminism, women now have equality with men in the medical profession, and other dominant knowledge systems such as religion.As with medicine religion similarly was dominated by the patriarchy power within society. In fact it wasnt until 1992 that women were finally accepted into the priesthood.In contemporary society women have challenged the patriarchy of old and traditional religious beliefs in favour of new understanding of religion and what itmeans for them. Many women now focus on a more weird beliefs, one movement dedicated to this is that of eco-feminism.Eco-feminism is a new term for an ancient wisdom. As women in divers e movements ecology, peace, feminist and especially health rediscovered the independence and connectedness of everything, they also discovered what was called spiritual dimension of action the realization of this interconnectedness was itself sometime called spirituality.The desire to recover, to regenerate this wisdom as a means to liberate women and nature from patriarchal destruction also motivated this turning towards spirituality.(Mies and Shiva, 1997, p,500).So it is fair to argue that due to social change brought about by the emerge of feminism women have challenged both gendered knowledge and the power of knowledge in medicine and religion.The rise of Eco-feminism however is just one of the many alternative or new age beliefs within religion today. Which begs the question of religion in contemporary society and whether it is in decline. Or could it be that as with the knowledge system of medicine or expert knowledge in general, religion has become so diverse due to socia l change and the emerge of alternative religious beliefs brought about because of these changes.Religion has changed significantly throughout history. Following the emerge of the Royal Society and the understanding movement throughout the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, known as The Age of Reason, (Enlightenment), it was argued that Science replaced religion as the dominant source of knowledge(Woodward and Watt 2000)However religion has always played an important role for people within society due to the fact that unlike scientific knowledge it is religion, which helps us make sense of the moral issues that, can affect us in our daily lives.Social scientists debate into the question is religion in decline is known as the secularization thesis. Some argue that it is modernization, which is a threat to traditional religious thinking by citing new age beliefs as being responsible for this. Some argue that people now fill their time with other leisure activities instead. It is als o argued that other forms of thought have taken over religion such as science for example. The fact also that the UK is now a multicultural society means there are many diverse forms of religion apart from the church building of England.There are two main approaches in this debate positivist, whose approach is based on sight peoples behaviour toward religion. They use quantitative evidence such as questionnaires and surveys, which is argued may be limiting.The interpretative approach however would argue humans cannot be observed in the same way as objects. There aim is understand what religion or peoples beliefs mean to them and aim to explore those meanings from different perspectives.It can be argued that religion in contemporary society has become a significantly diverse knowledge system. heathen beliefs, womens challenge to patriarchal religion and the emerge of new age beliefs, be it alternative medicine or green issues have meant that the traditional Church of England the do minant form of religion any more.So in conclusion then this essay began by defining what is knowledge. It then proceeded by questioning expert knowledge with regard to social change. It then focused on two dominant knowledge systems medicine and religion and discussed how the emerge of feminism challenged the knowledge systems. Lastly it discussed briefly the role of religion in contemporary society and questioned whether it is in decline and the relevance of womens, ethnic and new age beliefs. It is fair to argue that the discussion in this essay does conclude that there is a significant link, not only between social change and knowledge but knowledge and social change.